How Plot, Setting and Characters Influence Readers Response Essay

How Plot, Setting and Characters form Readers ResponseThe writer of a fiction text uses plot, setting and characters to piddle imagery and influence the indorsers response to how the condition wishes the reader to perceive a situation. This can be done through many methods, which include exact descriptions of any settings, detail of weather, characters stereotypical of society and colour association. In the invigorated Lord of the Flies careful attention is payed to the way the in depth descriptions of the island was used to create imagery and pursuade the readers response. For example on page 14/15, there is much emphasis on the brightness and colour of the island. This influences the reader to think that the island is like a tropical paradise full of enjoyment and happiness. Characters in fiction texts have characteristics that are described by the author and have certain features that all contribute to the characters profile. Their profile can be built up using many methods as was done in Lord of the Flies. Each of the main characters had a meaning to their pull in for example Ralphs name was derived from the Anglo-Saxan language, meaning counsel. Jacks name, Hebrew in telephone line way one who supplants, reflecting his use of force. Piggys name parallels the wild pigs that are hunted on the island and in any case reflects his superior intellect. Simons name comes from the Hebrew word, which means listener. Rogers name, Germanic in origin means spear. Characte...

Cottle-Taylor

Therefore, authentic projections will be more beneficial. Also, Mr. Lang had predicted his estimates establish on the success in Thailand, and the demographics of Thailand and India are very unalike. to a greater extent than 80% of the individuals live on less than $2 per sidereal day. So, we recomm obliterate that we should obey our original projection of 20% building block gross tax plus. Regards, Assistant Executives Cottle India showcase Analysis Summary Situation analysis Mr.Lang has asked Brinda Patel to reconsider her projections of 20% for result in toothbrush sales in India. Lang proposes that a 3% increase in the advertisement budget will lead to a 30% increase in sales. This assumption is based on prior love and support they received in the Thailand Market. But demographics of India is very different from that of Thailand. puzzle Statement What is the feasibility of achieving a 25% to 30% growth in toothbrush telephone circuit of Cottle India in 2010?Options B rinda Patel should present her original trade final cause of 20% projection Brinda Patel should revise her commercializeing visualize to achieve 30% sales growth Criteria Total revenue Profit from operations trueness of assumptions valuation of Options From the analysis and projections, it is seen that though revenue would increase in evising the market intention and investing in advertising, the scratch earned by the guild with the original plan of 20% is still more than the revised market plan of 30%.Recommendation After evaluating the options, it is recommended that Brinda Patel sticks to her original marketing plan of 20% unit sales growth in the toothbrush market. Action plan She should present the original marketing plan to Lang She should convince Lang around the different economic conditions in India as compared to Thailand. Table of Contents Situational Analysis Cottle Taylor fel petty(a)ship manufactures more than 200 products under three consumer- roduct catego ries personal care, home care, spontaneous care. It is a global company and operates in four geographic regions namely Europe, Latin America, North America and Greater Asia and Africa.In the year 2009, they generated $5. 7 billion out of the total revenue of $1 1. 5 billion from emerging. In India, they are present only in the oral care business and the operations are controlled by Cottle India. India was a massive market with preceding(prenominal) 1 billion heap and was also the largest democracy in the world. In 2009, India had or so 37% people living below the poverty by-line and around 80% lived on less than $2 per day. Majority of the Indian population resided in the hoidenish regions, where the wages were varying, so the consumers in the agrestic regions were sensitive to prices.The company is trying to focus on both the rural as well as the urban market in India and has accordingly three products in different price ranges. They are low-end, mid-range and battery oper ated types. Also, the people living in the rural areas are not well sensitive of the product toothbrushes. Around 50% of the rural population use chewy twigs from neem tree to clean their teeth and primary(prenominal)tain dental hygiene. Cottle India cognize the need to trail the people in rural areas regarding ental hygiene and whence the company partnered with Indian Dental Association (IDA) in 2004, to inform and educate people about oral health issues.In 2008, Brinda Patel took over as the marketing director of oral care operations. In 2009, Cottle India had market share of 38% in total oral care. Brinda had a marketing plan which would summate about a 20% increase in sales but her manager has advised her that the company could higher sales growth by investing more in advertisements. Brinda Patels manager Michael Lang had increased unit sales growth by 25% in Thailand by investing around 3% of sales to advertisement. Langss suggestion of opting the same strategy as that in Thailand will not suffice the purpose in India because of the huge demographic difference between the 2 countries.Problem Statement What is the feasibility of achieving a 25% to 30% growth in toothbrush business of Cottle India in 2010? Options Brinda patel fundamentally has two options with her. One was to go with her own option to stick to the original marketing plan and increase her sales by 20% or Another option is to go by Langes target of 20-25% owtn in unit sales in the tlnancial year by increasing the budget ot advertising. Criteria for Evaluation Financial analysis is one of the main criteria to evaluate the options present in the situation.In the current scenario revenue generation and increasing the profit are the main things to be taken into account. Since there are two criteria for evaluating the criteria we start with is the profit increasing option. Evaluation of options Option 1 Brinda Patel should revise her marketing plan to achieve 30% unit sales growth Lang pr ojected a growth rate of the toothbrush sales by 16% for low end range, by 120% for mid-range and by 25% for the high end range. The total revenue is calculated using these fgures (see exhibit 1). The total revenue estimated by Lang is $11705 gazillion.Comparing it with the Patels estimation the revenue is high. With Langs projection the Revenue increases by 67. 6%. On the other hand evaluating it in terms of profit there is an increase in profit from $12. 6 million to $17. 58 million (see exhibit 2). But Lang is assuming what worked in Thailand will work in India as well. His prediction is on the basis of the market result of Thailand and the demographics of the two countries are quite different. We see, from exhibit 1, that the mid-range toothbrushes are priced at $0. 98 and from demonstrate 3, it is can be seen that pproximately 42. % population live below $1. 37 per day and 40. 7% live below $2. 74 per day. Thus, for a country with about 83. 4 % population below $2 per day, La ng had projected to increase in sales by 120 %. It is quite improbable for a consumer to demoralise a toothbrush worth $0. 98 when his disposable income is less than $2 per day.

Discuss your opinion of the recovered memory

Psychologists believe that it is common to consciously repress unpleasant experiences although the unconscious repression of traumatic experiences such as internal abuse or rape is a defense mechanism that commonly backfires (Carroll, 2005). Loftus (1998) wrote an article on The Price of Bad Memories that leaves a room for interrogative for people who are contemplating on seeking word and those who are already being treated by a psychiatrist.It is diffi religious cult for those who are emotion eithery and psychologically helpless to determine the best possible word when their principal(prenominal) concern is to seek assistance from psychological wellness professed(prenominal)s who are in the best position to help them gain a better persona of life. In many cases, patients who are subjected to hypnosis, guided imagery, influence of drugs and other methods during therapy sessions to let on unpleasant memories of childhood sexual abuse, rape, satanic ritual abuse and cult acti vities are also isolated from their families, friends, and the outside world (United States v.Peterson et al. (n. d. ). Hence, implanting false memories into the minds of patients is non only alarming but also unethical and a sincere criminal offense. The case of Patricia Burgus and other patients who were diagnosed with Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a wake-up call to the medical profession. The neglect on the part of the psychiatrist and Rush-Presbyterian-St. Lukes medical checkup Center with regards to documenting and safeguarding the tape records of the patients therapy sessions whitethorn earn a questionable mark on the reputation of the professionals and health centers.Questions with regards to the safekeeping of patients records may arise. The mix-up of tapes is an indication that tape recordings are not properly label with the patients name, date of therapy session and the name of the kind health professional who conducted the therapy. There were also failures on the part of the mental health providers to keep a hard copy of patients therapy, treatment and progress. From the cases that were filed, it is apparent that administrators of the hospitals or medical centers do not impose exigent policies in terms of securing patients records.The conspiracy among the psychologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists and medical centers leads us to a vista provoking situation. As one would seek an answer to the question regarding the private motives of several mental health professionals who risk their professions and be subjected to malpractice suits by unjustly collecting insurance payments as a result of exaggerating diagnoses and overstating the need for costly treatments remains doubtful. Psychiatrists maintain patients who seek their treatment and advice on a regular basis.Hence, deriving income at the risk of their profession and reputation is not a motivating factor. The question of benefiting from insurance payments is unbelievable to some extent although therapy for the treatment of multiple personality disorders may take a long purpose of time. From the standpoint of a reader who is neither a health professional nor a patient, one may not discount the possibility that these mental health professionals may be subjecting their patients to an experiment in order to running the effectiveness of their technique.However, there is no evidence to prove this accusation. With the multitude of lawsuits filed against the mental health professionals and medical centers regarding claims of corroborated repressed memories, there will be more than patients and families who may take advantage of the situation. False accusations regarding misdiagnosis and improper treatment may also grow in numbers as the victims gain cognizance of the monetary settlement that may be derived from the litigation.The American Psychological connector (1996) claimed that most people who were sexually abused as children have memories of all or p art of what happened to them although they may not fully understand or disclose it. Amidst the controversy on recovered memory, people who are victims of sum total and sexual abuse, depression, personal adjustment and problems of relationship should not hesitate to meditate their mental health providers. As a precautionary measure, it is important to accept competent professionals and get a referral from the state psychological association in the local community.

National Guard troops

The United States is actively protecting its borders from terrorists, drug dealers, and increasingly, Mexicans. I would have said immigrants, in stake of Mexicans, but I do not cerebrate this would be only accurate. After wholly, President Bush recently said that he was send National Guard troops to the Mexican American border, not all the borders around our country. It is an interesting question how practically this administration really cares approximately protecting the borders.One would think that if they were concerned about terrorism as much as they say, and take steps such as tapping domestic call up lines, keeping records of phone call of millions of Americans, and actively infiltrating and observing citizen groups that oppose them, thence this administration would have militarized the borders long ago. But this has not been the case. It has not been until the beginning of an election year that this has become an issue.Millions of illegal immigrants have been cyclosis across our borders non-stop since the attacks on the World Trade Center, one would think that this would be the easiest way for any terrorist group to infiltrate the United States. But judging from this administrations actions thus far, they do not seem to think so. There are many worse people that could easily bugger off their way into our country than the average Mexican.The concern about border tribute should not focus on Mexicans, it should focus on terrorists groups that wish to do the country harm. The resources of the spy agencies of the United States should not be focused on American citizens and the imagined threat from eco-terrorists. It should be focused on stopping those individuals that very wish to do this country harm from doing so.

Feasibility study Essay

Some clock a full-scale study kindlenot be justified because there argon likewise many unknowns, or because a critical piece of information is lacking. In such circumstances a feasibility study may be warranted. A feasibility study is undertaken before the real work to determine whether to proceed with a project and decide the best approach to adopt. feasibility studies can be extremely important in reducing uncertainties for supply the definitive study, and often set up reassurance to funding bodies that the work has been thoroughly concept through.s Our employment Queen Pitahaya harvest wave ( potassium hydrogen tartrate Fruit) bears the vision of providing fun, pleasurably appetizing, uniquely enchanting food and booze reapings while maintaining our commitment to uncompromised tint at economical rates with a heartening purpose to supply to societys inescapably, taste and preferences rather than simply convincing our customers to punish and like whatever harvest -homes we develop. Dragon fruit contains much health return and uses, that is why we develop something that bequeath really help customers satisfied their needs and wants. Queen Pitahaya Fruit turn on keeps our torso heavy, inside and out. growing a new result for the public is never an easy undertaking. The itemise of new products that actually make it is insignificant to the total numbers that are actually produced. We as a student believe we move over fix iodine of those products that give make an impact and ultimately be happy is a shake. The healthy shake will provide our customers with an almost without end amount of healthy alternatives to the other drinks. This information will provide gross gross revenue, costs, profits, merchandise, competitors, distri bution, and the big environment balance. The healthy fruit shake will promise you customers to provide the quality, reasonably priced product in industry. We aim for continuously generate sense, en softle and desire for our product, resulting in frequent purchases by the customers.II. INTRODUCTIONA. Background of the readingDragon Fruit Shake has a delightful and pretty voiced taste, not too sweet but just perfect to conjure with the consumers taste buds. It is made from fresh dragon fruits, non fat milk, and green stevia.Our product will offer numerous health benefits that are good for the body and will cater the ever increasing demand for a healthy food and beverage choice, diets and losing weight. Dragon fruit are among the many rarity fruits that are said to provide multiple health benefits and include a whole array of nutrients, vitamins, fiber and anti-oxidants. It is best for all diets because it has low calories and is plentiful in fiber that can help avoid constipation, improve your digestive health and help you reduce weight of course without health risk. Others war cry this as a super food due to its powerful heal properties. Non-fat milk which is in any case int egrity of the ingredients of the product offers the goodness of milk but minus the fat, which makes it an easy addition to ones balanced diet. It gives upkeep to those who put importance to managing to control their weight and staying fit.We use green stevia as a hook shot. It is an all-natural food supplement that is said to be 300 times sweeter than ordinary sugar. Proven by experts, green stevia has zip fastener calories, zero fats, zero sodium and zero cholesterol. B. Name of the Enterprise The name of the enterprise is one of the most important things that are needed in the business. business leader pitahaya cactus FRUIT SHAKE is the primary name of the business. PITAHAYA originated from the word genus Hylocereus undatus commonly known as dragon fruit is among the most nutritive and wonderful exotic fruits. Hylocereus undatus is one of the most popular and civil cacti species of the genus Hylocereus, especially for the fruit industry while we choose the name QUEEN because the 4 partners in the business are all girls. We create this kind of name in our business because its easy to memorize or to familiarize by the customers, its unique name and its our way to pluck them and it could be a trademark for quality products. C. Statement of the ProblemThese days, consumers are considered as the king of the market. Their needs and demand varies from time to time because of the changes in technology, fashion, tastes, behavior and lifestyle. Consumers of today are becoming more conscious more or less their health so as to manage health related concerns, thusly consumers demand for a healthy food choice, diets and losing weight.D. Objectives of the StudyStated downstairs are the lists of objectives that this study is contemplating on pursuing. 1. To offer a healthy beverage that satisfies the fast changing consumer preferences for a shake drink. 2. To be able to crystalise profit3. To gain market shareIII. MARKETING PLANA. analytic thinking of the Custom er EnvironmentThere are groups of customers for our Dragon Fruit Shake and the needs are various from segment to segment. It is primarily focal pointed on segments including Kids, Adults, Health Conscious, and the Youth market. The table shows the segments for Dragon Fruit Shake.Not a child yet not an adultPossibly wanting to drink what adults drink but without the adult taste Intense competition with some(prenominal) cypher and indirect competitors Unbounded changing of customers demand and preferencesE. trade commingleProductDragon Fruit Shake is made from pure, fresh and naturally grown dragon fruits. We do not use artificial sweetener but rather an all- natural sugar substitute. It has a delicious, creamy, delightful taste. separately cup of our shake offers a lot of health benefits for our customers at an inexpensive price thus, reservation their money worth spending on. rest homeDragon fruit shake will be having its first warehousing at food court of SM Dasmarias. W e will not place our store at roadside locations as we promote healthy beverage and we male parentt want our product to be exposed on different toxins and smoke coming from the vehicles. We will operate on a dear and clean environment. PriceThe business will use the Cost-plus determine strategy to calculate for the price of dragon fruit shake. The price will be set based on the outturn cost, including both direct and indirect cost at our projected sales volume, and our standard mark-up. Our product is competitively priced and is very affordable for consumers to barter for. Taking into account the extreme health benefits our product can offer, we are very sure that their money will be worth spending on consuming our product and making it as a staple on their healthy diet. Projected market price for Dragon fruit shake will start at P 26 for smallSales PromotionIn- store try will be conducting sampling program at SM Dasmarinas supermarket and at the same time, giving away fliers and encouraging them to visit and try to buy the product at the store located at the foodcourt. Exposition/ look at fair join trade fairs to increase awareness of the existence of our business. This would besides give us the chance to showcase the goodness of our product. We will corroborate free taste of our product and we will also deceive our product if people would love to buy. We will also have the chance to be seen and known by a lot of bloggers.Public Relation friendly Media integration to social media can create dynamic, measurable ways to suck the community and drive bottom-line results. We will create fan pages on websites, such as Facebook, to start marketing our product online. Often post raise information about our product, entertaining stories, comments to continually draw interest from consumers. Place ads on Facebook to attract even more consumers to our fan page. We could also have fun games, surveys, contests and customer testimonials. Direct Marketing (Fo r future Direct Marketing efforts)Television, newspapers and magazines will be use to advertise our product. Our existence as healthful as the health benefits of the product will be the main focus of the advertisement. Television Shows catering sponsorship on Television Health Shows like Salamat Dok paper advertisement on newspapers like Philippine Daily Inquirer and manila paper Bulletin will increase peoples awareness especially the professionals Magazine advertisement on magazines like Womens health and handss health is instanter targeted towards the health conscious market. We will also have advertisement on Candy Magazine. This will be directly targeted towards the Youth market. All this direct marketing efforts can generate awareness and induce them to try and purchase or product. Feedback from CustomersThe Dragon Fruit Shake will be operated by 4 persons as partners. Dragon Fruit Shake was a partnership business accounted as limited smashed and owned by the following persons Ma. Fe Victoria N. Alano, Dyann Bucaling, Sharmaine Lyka P. Vecino, and Melody M. Ramos. The business started with a capital amounted to 100,000.00 having equal contributions from the owners.E. Organizational StructureThe figure has shown the organizational structure of Dragon Fruit Shake which composes an Operational Manager, Bookkeeper Personnel, Marketing Personnel, and pecuniary Analyst which all of them contributed to the company.Operational Manager is an area of management interested with overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs (in the forms of materials, labor, and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods and/or service s). Bookkeeper in the context of a business is simply the recording of financial transactions.Transactions include purchases, sales, receipts and payments by an individual or organization. more individuals mistakenly consider bookkeeping and accounting to be the same thing. This astonishment is understandable because the accounting process includes the bookkeeping function, but is just one part of the accounting process. Cashier the officer of a bank or business concern in charge of paying and receiving money and handles bills transactions with customers. Sales Personnel refers to those who work as part of the sales team either in a retail store, call digest or individually from home. Sales personnel are employed to sell to other businesses or to individual consumers. Working in sales can be demanding or stressful, as much of the role involves working toward sales targets.Sources of Literaturewww.pinoybusiness.com/food-business/starting-a-fruit-juice-and-shake-business/ www. quennsland.qld.gov.au/industry/food/food-innovation/innovative-food-beverage-products/healthy-foods-biodegradable-packaging www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/pricing_cost-plus.aspbizfinance.about.com/od/pricingyourproduct/a/Pricing-your-product-using-mark-up.htm kimberlysnyder.net/blog/2013/01/08/superfruitcasaveneracion.com/dragon-fruit-shake/prezi.com/k9oj8jyers1/feasibility-study/www.greenstevia.com.phthenutritionguruandthechef.wordpress.com/2012/05/13www.cookinglight.comwww.fruitasgroup.comwww.cavite.go.ph/home/index.php/investment/cost-of-doing-business/minimum-wage Belch (2003). Advertising and Promotions. The McGraw-Hill Companies Kotler et.al (1999). Principles of Marketing. impertinently Jersey, USA. Prentice hall

Intro to Security Final Project Essay

Due in workweek Nine stop open 3 to 4 paragraphs giving a bottom-line summary of the specific measure satisfactory goals and objectives of the protection plan, which can be implemented to define optimal security measure architecture for the selected condescension scenario. The objective of the Security Policy is to provide the basis of a secure information trunk within the prime quantity visualize congregation. This insurance give protect the information system from threats that exist in disposition as well as disasters that exist from humans. The insurance on the wholeow for also give consideration to the privacy, reputation, intellectual property and productivity of Bloom Design Group.The efficient operation of this company is dependent on being able to get at and use resources within the building and being able to outback(a) get to with security. Each employees responsibility must be considered and appropriate access provide be given to come across that inform ation is shared only(prenominal) with those who endure the authority to have it. This insurance polity will ensure the adhesiveness to the Bloom Design Group policies but also with any governance regulations. By limiting the access to certain groups of users, the security policy will guard against misuse of entropy and information.All processes that are within the system will be aligned with the policy and executed automatically to ensure that the policy is effectively protecting the information and resources in a continuous manner. Any disruptions or security risks will be dealt with immediately and automatically by means of the system software that has been established and configured for these purposes. 3. innovation Due in Week One Give an overview of the company and the security goals to be achieved. 3. 1. Company overview As relates to your selected scenario, give a plan 100- to 200-word overview of the company.The Bloom Design Group is an interior design assembly li ne that offers service to clients globally. in that location is a corporate confidence in New York and a alternative office located in Los Angeles. The groups website allows clients a realistic decorating tool, where they are able to get an idea of the design and color turning away they would like to see and how it may look after the design is completed. This is a great tool to countenance the client in making decisions, support up by consultation by experienced interior designers as well.The designers are able to access their client files and style guides use by the company. The designers will also be able to process orders for materials and furniture when accessing the website. inlet is gained by a secure login and password. The employees and designers of this company conduct most of their avocation remotely and access the network via a secure VPN. 3. 2. Security policy overview Of the different types of security policies course of instruction-level, program-framework, i ssue-specific, and system-specificbriefly get by which type is appropriate to your selected business scenario and why.For The Bloom Design Group, a program-framework policy would be appropriate. The corporate office would set the security policy as it pertains to network usage. The program-framework policy would cover the WAN, the entire organization would be covered by it and all decisions associate to how selective information is accessed by the workforce. This would require an acceptable use policy, which pertains to all areas of access including remote access, authorized data retrieval and retention, and connections within the WAN. 3. 3. Security policy goalsAs applies to your selected scenario, explain how the confidentiality, integrity, and availability principles of information security will be addressed by the information security policy. 3. 3. 1. Confidentiality Briefly explain how the policy will protect information. Using the program-framework policy will help in makin g it practical that only those with authorized access to the companys data will be the ones doing so. VPN technology will be utilized for these individuals and devices only. These will continue their privileges as long as the policy is complied with.The VPN will be maintained so as to minimize risk of unlicenced access, keep user and data confidentiality as much as possible over the internet, ensure the reliability of the companys system as well as those systems of the authorized users of the network. 3. 3. 2. Integrity Give a brief overview of how the policy will provide rules for authentication and verification. Include a definition of formal methods and system transactions. The program-framework policy will maintain the data and keep it secure, reliable, and free from corruption.The policy will keep unauthorized users from gaining, retaining, modifying, or deleting data of the company by means of firewalls, encryptions, and anti-spyware or anti malware tools. The VPN will be s ecured with using a tool that provides encryption and user authentication. Intrusion sensing tools will also help protect the VPN. 3. 3. 3. Availability Briefly define how the policy will address system back-up and recovery, access control, and quality of service. The program framework policy will maintain that authorized individuals, users, and systems will have access to information in its original format and at all times.The IT department will keep the business continuity plan up to date and and secure it in such case that there is a need for it due to emergencies. The company will create a business impact analysis which will evaluate risks to the companys data and systems will be ready to be used for recovery of data if needed. A disaster recovery plan will also be created with step by step implementation to ensure recovery and protraction of business operations in the event recovery is needed due to loss.A risk analysis will be created to further see and take steps to secu re the companys data. Full cooperation from from each one department and the administration of the company is needed for these plans to be effective. Training will be conducted in order to ensure that all are manageable to the plan. (Merkow & Breithaupt, 2006). 4. Disaster Recovery Plan Due in Week Three For your selected scenario, describe the key elements of the Disaster Recovery Plan to be used in case of a disaster and the plan for testing the DRP. 4. 1. Risk Assessment 4. 1. 1.Critical business processes List the mission-critical business systems and services that must be protected by the DRP. The Bloom Design Group has the need of protecting their general support systems. These are the mission-critical systems and services to be concerned with. They are related to network connectivity, access to the internet and conglomerate resources through applications that will rest on the network that will aid in the daily productivity of the company. The following list of systems is includes the assets that must be protected by this plan.

American Inequality in American Psycho Essay

Set in the Manhattan of 1989, Brett Easton Elliss novel the Statesn psychotic person sketches the life of Patrick Bateman, an attractive 26-year-old Harvard graduate who earns a six-figure income on Wall avenue. Bateman and his common ivy League educated friends enjoy all the luxury Manhattan has to offer, including expensive restaurants, scoop shovel nightclubs and excessive amounts of cocaine. However, what their money, education and beauty truly affords them is the right to humiliate, harass, and in Batemans case to kill, those in the social classes beneath them. The satirical, yet horrific, story that unfolds throughout American Psycho highlights the inequality between the richest and poorest Americans, a gap that widened easily in the 1980s thanks in part to the economic policies of Ronald Reagan.In addition to reducing the measure rate on wealthy Americans from 70% to 28%, President Reagan authorized deregulation that encouraged corporate mergers and do cuts to social pro grams that left all over many Americans roofless (Foner 1037). By reducing the tax rate, Reagan intended to encourage sound private investments thereby creating jobs. However, many ample Americans used the money saved in taxes to purchase luxury products instead. bodily mergers, or more bluntly corporate takeovers, spurred the deindustrialization of America. While deindustrialization eliminated many high-paying manufacturing jobs and left several Americans unemployed, the corporate takeovers that spurred the deindustrialization created a tremendous amount of wealth on Wall Street. Reagan also reduced funds allotted for public caparison and psychiatric hospitals. This fiscal decision only increased the number of roofless individuals across America, especially in urban areas such as refreshed York city (Foner 1037-40).Throughout American Psycho Batemans Wall Street cohorts address the rampant homelessness in Manhattan with a mixture of contempt and amusement. In the first pag es of the novel, Timothy Price, a young stockbroker on his way uptown, complains approximately his six-figure income as he counts the thirtieth homeless person he has seen that day (3-7). Leaving an exclusive nightclub, Craig McDermott, a nonher rich stockbroker, teases a homeless womanhood and her child with a bingle dollar bill before climb it on fire (210). Bateman, however, is more sadistic than his friends are. Before mutilating and killing a homeless man, Bateman offers the man money but asks him why he does not get a job. When the man says he was laid off, Bateman asks rhetorically, Do you entail its fair to take money from people who do entertain jobs? Who do work? (129-30)The text contains a strong theme of affable Darwinism. Bateman and his friends do not feel a twinge of guilt over their manipulation of those less fortunate because they adhere to the belief that the underclass deserves the mistreatment bon ton allots them, just as the privileged are entitled to th e special treatment society grants them. Although Ellis addresses the gap between the rich and poor in America through mordant satire, his depiction of the yuppie lifestyle and how the homeless are do by is not entirely hyperbolic. While on vacation in revolutionary York City, I observed the hostile and often indifferent treatment the homeless receive. In the financial district of Manhattan only blocks from Wall Street, I axiom a young, well-dressed professional woman nearly bump into a homeless man and, after glaring at him for a moment, remarked, Youve got to be kidding me.In Patrick Batemans world, a world where the privileged enjoy a plush-like lifestyle, no one asks why. Their sense of entitlement overrides their curiosity, so that not a single character asks why the homeless line the streets. In the preface to American Psycho Ellis quotes a lyric from a Talking Heads song that reads, And as things fell apart, nobody paid much attention. In that novel, and perhaps foreign it, things fell apart, and nobody paid much attention.Works CitedEllis, Brett. American Psycho. inaugural ed. New York City Vintage, 1991. Print.Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty 2nd ed. Vol. 2. New York City W. W. &Norton, 2007. 1037-140. Print.

Leading Strategic Program Management Essay

Some tribe might say a earnest leaders is born that way. It is true that some individuals have a inherent instinct to lead heap, exclusively they also have tools to aid them in their success. In watching the movie Twelve Oclock spicy we larn different types of lead. Why is Colonel Keith Davenports leading in trenchant in comparison to world-wide Frank rags leadership? With solely the men of the 918th fail mathematical group liege to Colonel Davenport, what steps does Gen wildcat wear to not only win their loyalty except make them an hard-hitting team? piece of music liveing on a project is a lot different than fighting a war, we fix how good leadership techniques, religion, good communication, developing leaders, and instilling a sense of pride grass turn around the poorest of teams. If you have an ineffective leader, chances are the team allow be ineffective.There were many deficiencies in Colonel Davenports leadership style. Colonel Davenport was much foc used on each individual in his group than he was on the electric charge at hand. He had the loyalty of his men but failed to lead them. When one of his men failed to accomplish their mission or messed up, Colonel Davenport anticipate responsibility and failed to discipline them. When Colonel Davenport received orders to push his men to the maximum potential, he wouldnt, for fear of burning them out. While Colonel Davenport could not see his deficiencies in his leadership, it could be seen by the commanding General of the VIII Bomber Command, Eighth diffuse Force. General Pritchard brought brigadier General Frank brutal in to see if he could fix not only the leadership problem but the productivity of the men in the 918th Bomb Group.When brigadier general Frank rag arrived at the 918th Bomb Group he went right to work. One of the first off items on his agenda was restoring the military standards that had become very laidback. We see this in a couple of scenes. He reprimands the gate guard for not checking his denomination card upon entering the base. When he walks into his new office he catches sergeant Mclllheny typing without his uniform top on. brigadier general General godforsaken forthwith reduces him in rank and tells him why. Word soon travels around the base that they essential adhere to the military standards and rules. Once Brigadier General Savage has do it clear that he will restore accountability and standards he calls a meeting to set his expectations clear.In this meeting Brigadier General Savage lets everyone know that they have a job to do and they need to inhabit feeling sorry for themselves. He tells everyone that from this point on they will be held account open for their mistakes. Brigadier General Savage then informs everyone that since they are performing poorly, they will course session over and over again until they overprotect it right. This infuriates the pilots and they instantaneously put in for a transfer. Once Bri gadier General Savage has made his expectations clear, he begins gathering represent from others.Major Stovall is the group adjutant stork who works directly for Brigadier General Savage. Brigadier General Savage begins asking Major Stovalls opinions on individuals in the unit. He takes the advice stipulation to him by Major Stovall. Major Stovall begins to see that Brigadier General Savage is a great leader and he has a plan to land the 918th Bomb Group back on track. Major Stovall becomes a loyal hard working member of the 918th Bomb Group. He basis see that Brigadier General Savage is committed to his job. A trust is construct between the two men. Trust is at the core of all substantive relationships. Without trust in that location can be no giving, no bonding, no risk-taking (Berkun, 2008, p. 242). He then begins to talk to the other men and gather support and trust for Brigadier General Savage. The next item on Brigadier General Savages agenda is to develop leaders in t he 918th Bomb Group.When Brigadier General Savage is reviewing everyones psychenel records he notices that the second in charge is underperforming. Lt Colonel Ben Gately is immediately fired from his position and put in charge of a plane full of underachievers. He informs Lt Colonel Gately that he will receive every lazy nonperforming person who comes into the 918th Bomb Group. If Lt Colonel Gately wants to proceed he needs to step up to the plate and become a good leader. The plane that Lt Colonel Gately is in charge of is called the Leper Colony. By doing this, Brigadier General Savage is giving Lt Colonel Gately a way to prove his leadership. This method of leadership works very well on Lt Colonel Gately, because he begins to perform exceptionally well. Lt Colonel Gately even flies with an injured spine.Brigadier General Savage can see the 918th Bomb Group is turning around into an effective unit. He then sets out to develop a sense of pride in the group. Savage praises th em for their performance and what they have achieved as a group. He begins promoting integrity in everything they do. On days where there is no mission they practice to get it perfect. Individuals who show outstanding performance in the Leper Colony get promoted out and those who make mistakes move to the Leper Colony. Results from all their hard team work began to pay off. When the 918th Bomb Group goes on a dangerous mission they return with everyone. The whole unit is put in for a commendation. While Savage has turned the unit around he still has pain in the neck communicating to his people.Communication is a major part of being an effective leader. While Savage has begun communicating very well with Major Stovall, he still had trouble communicating with his pilots and ground crew. Only when he last sits down and communicates with a young pilot named Bishop, do the other pilots aloof their request to be transferred to another unit. Savage was trying to keep his keep from hi s pilots. He felt that not becoming emotionally involved with his pilots would help create a barrier. Savage cared about every single person in his unit, but he kept his emotions inside which was the cause of his breakdown. feeling at a project manager or leader of a company, it is aristocratical to see why you would want someone like Brigadier General Savage in charge. He arrived at the 918th Bomb Group with a clear and direct sense of responsibility. He knew what he had to do and he knew it was not going to be a popularity contest. While Brigadier General Savage had trouble communicating to everyone, he understood his people, their motivations, and the emotions they were feeling. It is Copernican when you are in charge of a project to know the people you will be working with. There needs to be trust between you and your employees. As the project manager when you say you will do something, you must ensure you follow through.Brigadier General Savage demanded that the members o f the 918th Bomb Group give him loyalty, respect, integrity, and selfless service. He in turn not only gave the same right back, he gave them leadership, direction, and a sense of self-worth. By the time Brigadier General Savage left the 918th Bomb Group, they were able to continue their mission under any good leader who took over. As a leader, you have to take responsibility for the decisions you make. You must inspire your people and establish teamwork. Sometimes being a leader is not an easy job, but with the right set of tools you can be an effective leader. Where there is no guidance the people fall, but in the abundance of counselors there is a victory (Proverbs 11 14).ReferenceBerkun, S. (2008). Making Things Happen. Sebastopol, CA OReilly Media, Inc. New International Version. (1970). Thomas Nelson Inc.

Beowulf Assessment

In the epic, Beowulf, the main character faces many antagonists who use up the exact opposite of the virtues of Anglo-Saxon culture. Beowulf, the protagonist, obviously possesses all the virtues all-important(a) to Anglo-Saxons. The initiatory antagonist that Beowulf faces is named Unferth. Unferth is not loyal in that killed his brother slyly and that he offers Beowulf a sword to controvert Grendel that shows that he is too frightening to fight the monster himself. Loyalty and bra precise are two of the most important virtues present in Anglo-Saxon literature.Unferth is also demeaning and cruel to his leaf node Beowulf. In most Anglo-Saxon literature, hospitality towards guests is very important and expected. The future(a) antagonist is Grendel. He is very ambiguous and very monstrous in appearance although exhibiting many human emotion and impulses. Grendel exhibits aggression, loneliness, and jealously. He is somewhat cowardly in that he attacks at night when men are dorma nt and he runs back to his lair after his encounter with Beowulf.Grendels start has the same virtues as her son except she fights out of anger. She really has no cause for fighting. The dragon is very grotesque and preys on the town. He is very selfish which is not part of an Anglo-Saxon protagonist like Beowulf in that he attacks the town after having one piece of treasure stolen. every(prenominal) three monsters are portrayed as evil, aggressive villains especially since they passage of arms against the hero, Beowulf. Unferth is a human example of a protagonist lacking allegiance and bravery.

Harriet Beecher Stowe Essay

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-96) was an American realize unnecessaryr innate(p) in Litchfield, Connecticut, the daughter of a preacher, Lyman Beecher. Young Harriet grew up in a mystifyingly ghostlike atmosphere. In 1832, she moved with her father to Cincinnati, Ohio where he had instruction of a seminary. in that respect she met and married Calvin E. Stowe, a widower and a prof in the school. They had seven children. Cincinnati, just across the Ohio River from Kentucky, was in the very thick of the controversy over thralldom. She sometimes talked to fleeing hard workers, and angiotensin converting enzymeness time she even visited a Kentucky woodlet whose slaves were apply as models for her overbold.In 1850, her husband was called to Bowdoin College and she was happy to be spikelet in the much congenial air of New England. That same course the Fugitive striver Law was passed. It infuriated the abolitionists, including the Beecher family. This led her to write Uncle tom turkeys confine, the novel that was said to have started the Civil War in the United States. This writer was selected over the some other writers because of the great impact her novel made on Americas perception over slavery and the events that followed after its publication. With proscribed doubt, the Civil War would have convey in either case.Just the same, the tremendous moral force of the book made umpteen people, who might otherwise have been lukewarm, take a firm groundwork against slavery. At current time, Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle toms confine has been relegated to the mention of required enjoining which made it lose some of its appeal. I legal opinion it would be best to look at the context of its creation and what stop way but to look closely at its creator, her background and her influences. There are numerous books and articles that can be found about the support and workings of Mrs.Stowe. I have chosen two to be apply as the major references. The fir st is from Twaynes United States Authors on Harriet Beecher Stowe, Chapter 1 The Early Years. This chapter detailed the childhood of Harriet and how it was like growing up in the Beecher household ruled by the Calvinist preacher, despot and father, the R perpetuallyend Lyman Beecher. orphan from their mother at an early age, the Beecher siblings were brought up by their father chthonic a strict Calvinist upbringing. Every day was a religious experience.He dominated the household with his sternness and terrorized his children with his preaching of damnation and hellfire. He believed in mans fallibility and sought to remind and humble his children of this position every chance he got. It was said that within his home plate Lyman was a push around of the worst stripe, a benevolently intentioned and systematically complete bully (The Early Years, 1). However, Harriet also suffered from neglect simply because she was distaff. The patriarch heaped his attention on his tidingss whom he successfully groomed to become preachers like him.She, on the other hand, was sent off to Hartford to her baby Catherine who was twelve year her senor, to explicate an education. Her sister was an impressive intellectual, establishing the Hartford Female Seminary. She was deeply religious and once suffered from near mental collapse because of her fear that her dead fiance willing go straight to hell since he was not fitting to replace before he died. Quite domineering, she badgered Harriet into assisting her which the young girl found unbearable. She stayed with her sister for eight grueling years. Regardless, she was able to travel and mingle with people her take age.This proved to be her salvation as she was able to form her witness beliefs regarding religion that was centered on the mercy of Jesus rather than the inference of hell. Then the Beecher clan all moved from Boston to Cincinnati as her father accepted the post of president of the Lane Theological Seminary. Now , Harriet had to contend with some(prenominal) her sister with whom she still served as assistant and her father to whom she had to go home. To escape, she moody to musical composition. She also met the widower Calvin Stowe whose proposal of marriage she accepted.The only thing they had in common at that time was their shared affection for Eliza, his dead wife. amongst 1836 and 1850, she gave birth to eight children. With such a big family, she was bound to the home more than ever. In order to augment the household income, she used her writing skills into a money making venture by submitting magazine sketches. Calvin Stowes appointment to the faculty of Bowdoin College which allowed them to move to Brunswick, Maine was a turning point for Harriet. Among others, she was difference back to New England and would be free from the grasp of her father and sister.Her invigoration until then was unremarkable. She was a housewife who was concerned mostly with chores, frustrations and debts. Though she lived in tumultuous times she did not participate in it. This was due to reasons as follows Her private duties as obedient daughter and wife had demanded almost more energy than she had to give, and she had taken refuge from overwork in the consolation of heavenly love to mistrust the world, to accept it as the abode of cruelty and injustice, was the ism by which she lived (The Early Years, 7).This was about to change with the publication of Uncle Toms Cabin, the novel which led President Abraham Lincoln to greet her as the short(p) lady who made this big war. This remark was cited from the second reference used for this paper, the article on Harriet Beecher Stowe by Ken Wolf from the Dictionary of dry land Biography The 19th Century. For the first part, he gave a brief report of her early heart and for the second part, he concentrated on her lifes work. Uncle Toms Cabin first appeared in 1851-52 as a serial in an abolitionist paper.The anti-slavery sentimen ts were already at its diadem at that time. The Fugitive Slave Law was just passed where all citizens whether they are from the north or south are obliged to return fleeing slaves to their owners or face criminal charges. The disagreements between the abolitionists and moderates were turning physically violent such as pro-slavery mobs attacking abolitionists print shops such as the one in Connecticut near the residence of the Beechers. The publication of Uncle Toms Cabin in 1852 was indeed timely.On that year alone, it already sold 300,000 copies. Harriets message was clear. Slavery was wrong, the novel argued, because it was un-Christian. More specifically, slavery tore children from their mothers and olibanum threatened the existence of the Christian family (Wolf, 2). This book was a personal one for the generator. All that she believed in were embodied in the novel. She even used the appellation of Calvin Stowes deceased wife and her good friend, Eliza, as the main young-bea ring(prenominal) character.While the main protagonist was male, that being Tom who had kindly master but still got sold off twice and eventually stop up being beaten to death, the novel was filled with strong female characters. A main theme was the recurring circumstance of slavery separating families and the attempts of the slave mothers to prevent it. We see Eliza jumping on ice floes to effect her and her sons escape. We see Cassy who preferred to kill her newborn herself than allow it to be sold off later. There was Eva who persuaded her father to free Tom, but two unfortunately died before they did.There was also Mary Bird who disgrace her husband, Senator Bird of Ohio into helping Eliza even if he was violating the Fugitive Slave Law which he helped pass. Her novel was most effective in arousing sentiments of anti-slavery because the author approached her arguments using the religious zeal that her father bestowed upon them stressing that Christianity began at home with a s trong family. Any invention that undermined the family was necessarily unchristian (Wolf, 2). This struck deep at the conscience of the American people.Her succeeding novels likewise had female characters contend prominent roles. She believed that women are the purveyors or morality. She was not an advocate of female equivalence and continued not to participate in the suffragists movement or the tint rights for women. She believed in the family and the role women play within it. She also continued to write her novels based on characters she is most familiar with such as Dred A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp (1856) regarding a slave tumult attempt, The Ministers Wooing (1859) which was a jab on the unconquerable dogma of her fathers Calvinism.This novel was also partly historical. Her neighboring novel is likewise historical, Agnes of Sorrento (1862) about the Florentian social and religious reformist monk, Gironalo Savonarola. The drib of Orrs Island (1862), Oldtown Folks (1 869) and Poganuc People (1878) are childhood reminiscences of New England. Uncle Toms Cabin is the only one of Harriet Beecher Stowes that aimed at acquire reform. Though it sparked a war, as literature, it is not great. It is overly sentimental and the movie it draws is exaggerated.In spite of these flaws, it remains one of the most powerful novels ever written to right a wrong. Her other novels published after it had no(prenominal) of the appeal of Uncle Toms Cabin, but she continued to be one of Americas popular writers at that time. Her other greatest section to history was her depiction of women as being in the same aim as men in terms of intellect, bravery and morality. She was able to vomit up across her message of empowerment across in a participation dominated by men of the importance of womens and mothers role in the family and in society as regards moral regeneration. before I conducted this research, I was under the impression that Uncle Toms Cabin was written mor e as a reaction against the peculiar institution of slavery. Reading about the life of Harriet Beecher Stowe, it became evident that though her book came out of indignation against slavery, it also owed something to her Puritan conscience. Her beliefs and childhood experiences come across into her books such as her belief on womens comparability which she never did experience having been subjected to neglect because of her gender.While she persistently believed that the role of women is restrict within the walls of the home, she was successful in opening a new stance of women. Admittedly, I have not read any of her other works however, given her background that I know now, it would be interesting to read The Ministers Wooing to gain a better report on how it was to live with a severe Calvinist minister and how and if she was able to relate it to her own experiences in growing up with one and make it comical.

Black Panther and Ku Klux Klan Essay

After doing query to compare/contrast the two groups, the sinister Panthers and the Ku Klux Klan, it opened my eyes. I realise that the new generation is oblivious to the existence of both groups and the similarities and differences in them. I researched the two different groups to infer when the groups came into existence who were the members, why they fought for rights they judgment they be and the groups involvement in violent acts and their remnants today.In domain War II, blacks fought for the American dream willingly, but separately from the pureness soldiers. When the contend was over, human rights activistics of all races and educated blacks thought the soldiers and blacks deserved the right of equality. Malcolm X was single of the umteen human rights activists. He was an African-American Muslim take care he thought after years of non-violence, signing petitions, marching, praying and crying and blacks doing the unrealistic to be recognized as human beings, it w as time for them to take it into their avouch breaks. Malcolm X was then assassinated February 21, 1965. Today whatever(prenominal) of his quotes like this angiotensin converting enzyme are famous.And when I speak, I dont speak as a Democrat. Or a Republican. Nor an American. I speak as a victim of Americas so-called democracy. You and I have neer seen democracy all weve seen is hypocrisy. When we open our eyes today and look about America, we see America not through the eyes of someone who has enjoyed the fruits of Americanism. We see America through the eyes of someone who has been the victim of Americanism. We dont see any(prenominal) American dream. Weve experienced only the American nightmare.The Black Panther Party was then founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, in 1966, it was establish on ideas which were voicelessly associated with Malcolm Xs life works it was do up of progressive militant political organization. They advocated Black Nationalism and had s trong believes in the necessity of violence and armed self-defense. They patrol African American neighborhoods to protect residents from acts of practice of law atrociousness and to obtain freedom from white oppression. Fought for the rights of American blacks in the US, they called themselves Revolutionaries.Ku Klux Klan on the otherwise hand was founded in 1866 in Pulaski, Tennessee. The Klan members were many a(prenominal) former Confederate veterans determined to fight for the right to restore white supremacy they called themselves The Invisible Empire of the South. Ku Klux Klan believed that black werent trash for right but for special right and that Negros were happier when they had nothing not until now their own name. They also showed resistance to policies that gave the right to economic equality for blacks and other minorities.The Black Panthers were non-violent they petitioned for the right for Black Americans to bear arms. Reason being the police werent in that lo cation for their safety or to promote their welfare they were at that place to contain, brutalize and murder them. With the blacks starting to carry guns came violence. There were shootouts with police which killed many innocent people, riots that destroyed towns, blacks had means to defend themselves but then aversion skyrocketed. The Black Panther werent organized as some thought and werent ready to fight a revolution they just wanted to be treated like an equal and were ready for anything that crossed there path.Ku Klux Klan had and still have a very violent disposition, they could terrorized the black and any other minorities that they thought threatened their white purity as they referred. beingness that the sheriff upheld the rights of the Klan and courts upheld the rights of the sheriff. The Klan killed civil right helpers blacks and whites. Civil rights helpers assisted blacks learn to read so that they could vote as well as getting them to the poles to vote. KKK burned many churches, schools and were involved in lynching of hundreds.Now after two decades of visitation 1982 was the official end of the Black Panther Party they did accomplish one thing a major change in police brutality in Oakland went way down. Black Panther also went back to self-colored one the non-violence approach, by setting up organization to help needy family such as free clinic and free meal programs. Educated blacks and activist in this generation are very disappointed in blacks not getting involved and how they accept the minimum for themselves.KKK on the other hand are still very prominent and doubled in size. They steady still to this day try to recruit new members by move flyers with candy on doors in residential areas, doing pod cast, and even do interviews to try to convince the public what they are doing is right and isnt antiblack as all. They are even trying to adopt highways in some states which judges arent allowing, even after they try to convince them its to keep nature clean.

Dreams vs. Reality Essay

The world is a deadly, unforgiving and often ironic bulge where nation become wholly consumed by their surroundings. There argon umteen occasions around the world in which people only cautiousness about themselves for example on Black Friday people get pushed, pique or even trampled because someone is nerve-racking to get the best deals forward they are all gone. People have a t breakency to put up sight of their goals and fancys. Mentally, people struggle to mown(prenominal)tain their sanity in this endorse of life that has no set of rules. In the book Of Mice and Men, this story portrays the dissimilarity between peoples visions and what can actually be accomplished. commode Steinbeck, the author Of Mice and Men, utilizes his general themes of knowledge and loneliness, through his deep characterization and contact between characters in order to illustrate The American pipe dream. The American dream consists of the ideas of freedom, equality, and opportunity.It also means life of individual contentment and material goods as usually wanted by Americans. At the beginning of the novel, the relationship between glaze and the old tag was very close. Candy is very aflame about his dog and spoke proudly of him. You wouldnt think it to account at him now, alone he was the best jack sheep dog I ever seen (Steinbeck 44). The old dog lived in the bunk house with all the urinateers. He slept in the homogeneous bed as Candy, but the otherwise workers did non like the old dog because he smelled terrible. Everyone liked Candy, but they wanted to kill the dog only because he smelled bad. After they killed the dog, Candy was lonely and isolated himself from the other workers. Candys American dream was not met because the old dog was killed by the fellow ranchers.The old dog gave Candy unconditional admire. When the old dog died, Candys dream died too. He wanted to live with the dog forever, his source of companionship and love was gone. In the nove l, George and Lennie share the strongest bond. When George is talking to Lennie about why they are the loneliest guys in the world, he says Guys like us that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They dont belong no place. . . . With us it aint like that. We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us. We dont have to sit in no bar room blowin in our jack jus because we got no place else to go. If them other guys gets in jail they can rot for all anybody gives a damn. but not us (Steinbeck 13-14). This example shows how George and Lennies fellowship is more than nearly migrant workers.George takes trade of Lennie because Lennie is mentally disabled. If Lennie did not have George taking care of him, Lennie would certainly be taken advantage of by other people who dont have the same moral standards as George. Georges American dream was for himself, Lennie, and Candy to have their own place to live. He wanted to have Lenni e in his life because Lennie gave George absolute love. Aunt Clara had explained to Lennie that he could trust George to take care of him and to always listen to him and do what he says. Lennies disabilities are defined as him being slow he needed George as a guardian. George was helped by Lennies hard work and physical strength, he was a valuable worker and his pay was going away to help buy the land for the new place.Lennie became involved with Curleys wife and accidentally killed her. After this happened, the ranchers were going after Lennie. George wanted to protect Lennie from torture, so he killed Lennie himself by shooting him in the back of the head without Lennies knowledge. This ended their dreams. George would not have his place Lennie would not have his rabbits. The savage reality of their actions took away the desire to dream for anything better. The person who expresses his loneliness well-nigh openly is Crooks, the African- American stable hand, a victim of racial prejudice. Because of Crooks color, no(prenominal) of the other workers would socialize with him. When Lennie enters Crooks room uninvited, Crooks is angry and yells at Lennie a come upg him what his intentions are.He is bullying Lennie because he jealous of the companionship between George and Lennie. He tries to suffering Lennie with lies of George deserting him, trying to make him see what it feels like to be so alone. Crooks envies their friendship it shows when he says George can tell you screwy things, and it dont matter. Its just the talking. Its just bein with another guy (Steinbeck 67). Crooks is lonely, and he is trying to make himself feel better by putting Lennie in the same position as he is. Crooks American dream was not achieved nor travel back, he didnt really have one. He just was nutrition at the ranch and he would always get picked on because of his skin color and his disability. He wanted racial equality, but that was so marvelous to happen, Crooks refused to even hope for it. Because he had nothing to hope for, he is a grouchy, negative man with nothing to live for.In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck uses the themes of friendship and loneliness between characters to illustrate the American Dream. The characters George and Lennie, Candy and the Old Dog, and Crooks are used to demonstrate how relationships work, and also the harsh differences between dreams and reality. In the end George decided to end Lennies life so that the other workers would not torture him and then kill him later. Finally, reality was stronger than all of their dreams.

Police Personality Revision Essay

A total guard lend lies on the concept of their personalities taking into consideration their traits business deal in hand with their cordializations and experiences. These decisive factors basic all(prenominal)y comprise what ideal character of a police is necessary in order to completely exemplify their tasks. Perhaps, it is imperative to arrive at emphasis on the notions of police character to give a sinewy hold on this subject matter. At any rate, there were instances that departure arises as police render their services. Part of this reflected broader social conflict oer the just and equal distribution of opportunities and legal protections to all mass early(a) sources of conflict included disparities between the symbolic role of the police, everyday social expectations about police services and behavior (Vila & Morris, 1999).There is thence a unique trait that flows in the blood of every police such as dedication, bravery, and conviction. The uniqueness of police s trait rear never be gamble away. legal philosophys compassion to the eudaimonia of their people is on top priority. They are willing to surrender n wholenesstheless their own lives in order to defend the people. It is tough but they chose to pretend everything for the sake of their profession. Thus, this is the one that fulfills their personality to serve the people at all costs.On the other note, socializations and experiences are important tools to be able to typify their character in good order. Apparently, the police needs to know how to communicate with the people as well as to know how to address their demands in order to properly portray their roles. Socialization and experience are indispensable contrivance that specifys the positioning of a police. They will be able to serve pertinently due to the fact that they have enough experiences. What is important about socialization, then, is that people experience to behave according to the expectations of their culture and transmit that way of life from one generation to the next (Kenney & McNamara, 1999).Weighing these two elements that encompass the personality of a police, it is on a certain note that their unique traits make them more trustworthy on their chosen field. It is in these traits also that they barren their profession far beyond all other field. The profession is a moral unit positing certain values and ideals which guide its members in their dealings with laymen. This guide may be a set of unwritten norms familial through the professional educational system or it may be codified into written canons of professional ethics (Glenn et al., 2003).  Certainly, as they socialized and see a lot of circumstances, it all boils down on having a good persona unique trait which make them build rapport with a lot of people in town and which also gives them the pride for the people to respect them and their line of work.Reference Glenn, Panitch, Barnes Proby, Williams, Christian, Lewis, Gerwehr & Brannan (2003). Training the 21st atomic number 6 Police Officer Redefining Police Professionalism for the Los Angeles Police Department. Rand Kenney, dennis Hay & McNamara, Robert P. (1999). Police and Policing Contemporary Issues. PraegerVila, Bryan & Morris, Cynthia (1999). The Role of Police in American History. Greenwood pressing

Can You Imagine a World Without a Superpower?

Coined by Dutch-Ameri terminate geo-strategist Nicholas Spykman in 1943, the political term magnate is used to refer to a country with the ability to figure out events or project power on a world(a) scale. It is hard-fought, if not hopeless to envisage a world without a superpower. There are a number of reasons to support this assumption.We begin with the first and most blaring- It is simply difficult to imagine a world without a superpower because history itself has shown that in that respect has yet to come a time when one or more powers do not rise above its counterparts in terms of economical and/or political factors to the extent that they are able to impact motley issues on a global level. From the ancient civilizations such(prenominal) as the Persian, Roman, Mongol, Lusitanian and Spanish empires to the Russia during the Cold War and the USSR today, we have yet to observe a period of time when the world has observed an equitable balance of power.It mountain be arg ued that just because it has not happened yet, does not mean it will not happen one day. This is a firm basis for a counter-argument, however, it mustiness be understood that in the foreseeable future, with more and more powers works towards this superpower status (examples include China, Brazil, India and Russia), a world without superpowers is merely a sanguine, idealistic idea. Another issue that would make a world without a superpower a seemingly utopian concept is the difficulty of administrating such a world.Indeed, if no policing power (such as the USA) had the ability to influence global issues, the world would lack a clear sense of direction. Indeed, major decisions would probably be taken by a representative, multilateral body such as the UN (without a system of permanent seats). In such a scenario, it would be quite difficult to please whole the parties involved and a conflict of interest would be inevitable.In a setup such as today, whereby the United States largely a cts as the dominant political enigma, at least decisions are made and issues addressed. For example, in 1991, when the USSR was finally removed from its stake as the dominant power of Eastern Europe, its surrounding sphere of influence fell into a spiral of economic and political despair. One can only imagine the repercussions if this happened on global level.According to Professor Niall Ferguson at New York Universitys Stern School of Business power, like nature, abhors a vacuum. In the history of world politics, it seems, someone is always the hegemon, or statement to become it. This idea proposed by professor Ferguson, is based on the hypothesis that inherently, every country would like power. It is this elusive pull of power and all that it brings with it that would make a world without a superpower merely a product of idealism.

Human Trafficking in America Essay

According to the report submitted to the U. S. division of aver in 2004, every year at that place is an estimated account of 600,000 to 800,000 volume cosmos trafficked for maneity power labor and brace demesne long. In the coupled acress alone, there argon most 14, 000 to 17,000 men, women and children of dissimilar nationalities be trafficked each year deviation discreetly international borders just to develop inside the territories of the fall in States. Of these numbers, 70 per centum argon female while 50 percent argon children or bush league and close of them end up functional forcibly in the under-the-counter brace industry.The report in like modal value verbalize that most of these trafficked foreign nationals broadly speaking dress from Asia. In America, however, an estimated 200,000 missing Ameri raise children (minors usually women) from the historic old age be also get the risk of having trafficked also in the land up industry (Shurter) . While the join States has an vindicated policy in accepting foreign nationals to its territories, the succeeding take d makets of terrorism in the Ameri bed soil during the past years has organize its system of policies and became much aw atomic number 18 in allowing foreign nationals to stay in America. barely then America re main(prenominal)ed to be the main transit and destination country for trafficking heap if compared to some other countries in the world. To adhere to the beardown(prenominal) commitment of fighting charitable trafficking in the US and other countries, the US regime has enacted The Trafficking Victims Protection determine of 2000 or the TVPA to delimit pre-existing criminal penalties and provide violate protection for the victims of military man trafficking.This act establishes Cabinet- direct national interagency task force to use their federal program in providing services to the trafficked victims. initially the monitoring program done by the US in the early mid-nineties was primarily foc utilise on trafficking women for the come alive industry. plainly ever since the U. S. incision of State has included in their report in 1994 that not whole women are macrocosm trafficked, the department began monitoring all persons with equivocal citizenship status in the US parentage in that same year.To greatly clip pitying trafficking, the U. S. has begun initiating anti-trafficking programs to aid countries fight this illegal condescension. The office of the TVPA was assigned to monitor and allowed by the US State Department to encounter human trafficking in the international level while millions of dollars were poured prohibited as grants to organizations around the world to implement programs combating human trafficking. The U. S.has also helped these countries in enacting their practice of laws for anti-trafficking legislation and provided training to law enforcers, prosecutors, border guards and judicial office rs in determining, canvas and prosecution of traffickers and providing protection for the victims. Two years after the resolution of TVPA, The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2000 was reformulated to 2003 to provide re reference books and initiatives in helping the 18,000 to 20,000 victims of human trafficking saved in the US.Then in 2006, the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005 was signed into a stronger law (Justice). To show that there is distinctly the cause for alarm with human trafficking which brought or so white slavery in the unify States, CBS News correspondent Tracy Smith explores and exposes the world of human trafficking in America by making her own series of question in Americas suburbs and inform her findings for The Early Show in series. Tracy interviewed a number of people who were victims of illegal turn on trade and one of these is Shauna.Shauna is a 17 year old girlfriend from Florida who was expression for fr iends in school because she was the new girl in the campus. Finally she was befriended by other student and invited her for a sleepover in her house. But a man who posed as the friends father doped her drink and woke up to a nightmare. She put up herself tied still dizzy with the drug. not long after, she was brought to a place where she was sold. She was violate and beaten if she refused to have switch on. Her parents searched for her and finally she was put up by investigator Brad Dennis in a club.According to Dennis, Shauna was a victim of human trafficking which becomes the increment problem in the suburbs of Florida. Tracy Smith has discovered that the syndicates who are tardily the kidnapping and human trafficking k without delay the visibility of the most potential targets that can be used for their sex trade. In this manner they connive with other people to do their deeds. Dennis said usually girls who are victims of human trafficking are moved around a circuit by th eir captors hitting major(ip) hotels and convention centers looking for potential and pixilated clients. Wan Kim of the U. S.Justice Department said that this kind of melody has at present demonstrable into a very prolific blood and usually undetected. The problem for the authorities is that the people behind this crime have wide connections and they have become eventide wiser with the trade. They can keep women for years without people erudite they live there as sex slaves. In the case of Shauna, her case has never been pursued because until today her captors remained at man-sized (Smith). Human trafficking has developed into a stipendiary business formed by several(predicate) individuals grouped together to run a ring of syndicate.However, this is not always the case. In 2008, Maribel Rodriguez Vasquez, a 28-year old Guatemalan muliebrity was arrested in Los Angeles for her involvement in her familys human trafficking business. She was the sixth member of her family who was nabbed by immigration authorities as she was aerated with 50 counts of human trafficking cases specifically luring Guatemalan minors to the United States with a visit of well-paid jobs barely all ends up being prostitutes. Vasquez who was known as the L. A. Madam by her clients was posted on television as one of Americas around Wanted.But Vasquez case was only one of the few cases of human trafficking that was highlighted by the media which makes people believe cases of immigrant sex trafficking are not literally important to be known by the masses. Lisette Arsuaga, director of developing for the Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking in Los Angeles said we have a unaccented reality that human trafficking operates in every American city and even to towns however it is craftily hidden it is difficult to peril (Johnson and Rodriguez). The state of San Francisco is known for its liberalism toward sex and it has continuing history of arresting prostitutes around the city.regrettably it has also become one of the teetotum American cities to be the favorite institution of international sex traffickers and so monolithic numbers of illegal immigrants pour out to the city each year. This is because sex trafficking is now an $8 billion international business and sadly traffickers consider San Francisco to be the opera hat place to operate their largest commercial trades. San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom who is not ignorant about this trade said although the city despised much(prenominal) reputation, being underground with unending source of clients makes the state helpless.Mayor Newsom said girls are forced to come to America because their families are being threatened and so the cases of human trafficking seem to be endless. While the U. S. Department of Justice states that thousands of illegal immigrants are being brought to the United States each year, there are still no quantifying data which secernate that many of them fall as sex or for ce labor victims. The CIA is now involved to stop this trade and it has used its significant methods to come up with received sources of illegal immigrants.They now rely on law enforcement data, government data, international reports and pedantic research just to come up with backed-up information and track the sources of this trade. The CIA also substantiate that trafficked women for the sex industry generally come from Southeast Asia, the former Soviet total and also South America. As usual, they are lured to work in the United States for more meaningful opportunities but once they are in, they are held captives and sold to brothels, strip clubs and outcall services.Even high-society call girls who come to the United States admit to the Federal investigators that being in captivity and held as sex slaves can be the most degrading and unimaginably unacceptable. In other parts of the world, human trafficking has also become an insatiable growing business which has overtaken drug s and arms trafficking. According to Barry serrated wrack who is an Immigration and Customs Enforcement attache with the U. S. Department of Homeland Security in Korea, human traffickers in Korea are now exceedingly organized with full logistical cyberspace between Korea and the United States.They have recruiters, intermediaries, brokers and even designated taxi drivers and influential pimps. On other countries, women are the usual traffickers and they acquire women from clubs, bars, colleges, restaurants and even pool halls. Their international contacts target mostly developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Australia because this is where the money is. When everything is settled in these countries, they even set up their own shops in the main cities particularly in California, New York, Las Vegas and Texas (May).As a conclusion, we may never stop human trafficking for the routine because it has already rooted itself in our societies. not even America who advocat es for human rights and delivery of human dignity find it hard to control such a phenomenal dilemma. But though this has become an contumacious ailment because it made its evil influence to the different form of culture and societies, we world power still reduce its havoc in degrading human dignity by involving ourselves and be guardians for the sake of our children and our society.The governments are essay hard to pursue what is necessary but they cannot do it alone. We might not be the victims here but our children maybe their adjacent target. Works Cited Johnson, Alex, and Cesar Rodriguez. Human Trafficking in America. The cosmos Race (2008). April 14, 2009 <http//matthewsnyder. theworldrace. org/? filename=human-trafficking-in-america>. Justice, U. S. Department of. account statement on Activities to Combat Human Trafficking monetary Years 2001 2005. (2006). April 15, 2009 <http//www. humantrafficking. org/countries/united_states_of_america>.May, Meredith. Sex Trafficking San Francisco Is a major(ip) Center for International Crime Networks That import and Enslave. San Francisco Chronicle2006. Shurter, David. The Problem with Human Trafficking in America. nowadays Public Crowd Powered Media (2009). April 15, 2009 <http//www. nowpublic. com/world/problem-human-trafficking-america>. Smith, Tracy. Slavery in the Suburbs. United States, 2007. CBS eventide News. (September 12, 2007) CBS Interactive, Inc. <http//www. cbsnews. com/stories/2007/09/12/eveningnews/main3254966. shtml>

The Filipino youth exemplary leaders Essay

Is the Philippine jejuneness authorise? frontmost let me ask you this question Is youth, in general, empowering? Does being young bring more or less a sense of knowing what you hind end and need to do? Does it give us the divine power known as empathy? Well, no, non all youth ar given that chance. Not all flock are given the loving get married of a parent or the just societal values- that is what separates the Philippine youth from whatever other youth.We may say that the Filipino people nonplus their mistakes. Of course, theyre not perfect. However, what is fascinating in the untaught is the desire and the rejuvinating enthusiasm that the youth have.The youth of today, eqipped with the technology and resources, have been ever vigilant in their opinions in the different issues in the country. Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and purge 9gag, we all see a light preview into the young Filipino mind. viral videos pertaining to public issues and blogs which call for change in the country are found here(predicate) and there. The Filipino youth is empowered because of the feature that theyre Filipinos. Theyre Filipinos immersed in a world of corruption, hate, and indifference. In the same light, theyre exposed to hope.Theyre exposed to a tiny sliver of hope, passed on from the frontier on great heroes, illiterate or no. The collective hope, the hope that the country can still be changed, that is what empowers the Filipino youth. Their hands, however calloused or bruised, have time to type speeches just about empowered Filipino youths. They have time to jocosity about current issues and write blogs about it because they hope. The Filipino youth is empowered. The Filipino youth is hoping.

Law Essay

Administrative Action Are rationality of legal follow so ill outlined that they enable the courts to pick and contr chip the cases in which they allow for grant juridic canvass? Should that be the case? unveiling Substantive Grounds of Re take hold of Un healthyness Un prescience as a earthly concern of follow is tall(prenominal) to define with any clarity or certainty and as a di residue prove has oft been branded as a problem ridden aspect of administrative law.The fantasy of Wednesday un soundness, formulated in the case of Associated barbarian Picture signals v. Wednesbury Corporation 1948 and further positive in Council of Civil Service Unions v. diplomatic minister for the Civil Service 1985 per Lord Diplock was that courts would deputise to correct an administrative action establish on the backcloth of reasonableness sole(prenominal) if it was so outrageous in its defiance of logic or accepted lesson standards that no sensible person who had employ his mind to the call into head to be distinguishable could capture believe arrived at it. Indeterminacy as to the definition of Unreasonableness Poorly defined movement of reassessment? The concept of unreasonableness as propagated by Lord Greene and adopted by Australian courts is implicit in(p)ly indeterminate. Whether a particular close is reasonable or non is often nonhing more(prenominal) than a question of degree and public opinion by the courts. This bring just abouts an raw sense of arbitrariness which and so calls into question the consistency and succeedingly effectiveness of such(prenominal) a flat coat of round off as illustrated by case law.The effectiveness of unreasonableness as a ground of critical analyse was blatantly called into question in the case of Chan v Minister for immigration and heathenish personal business where the mellow administration and the Federal sampleship differed in opinion as to what conventional unreasonableness whic h was manifestly dirty. This appargonnt softness of the courts to croak a consensus on what merely constitutes the ask degree of unreasonableness in order to throw in the towel a reversal of the disputed administrative closing calls into question the consistency with which it so-and-so be applied by courts.Although subsequent cases (Prasad v Minister for immigration and cultural Affairs/ Luu v Renevier/ Minister for primaeval Affairs v Peko-Wallsend) seemed to prefer an inflatable version of unreasonableness, in uncomplete of these cases atomic soma 50 it be said that the delegates conclusion re bequested something that was manifestly unfair or overwhelming as ask by Lord Greenes genuine version. Conversely, it can be argued that the Federal hail manifestly check over articleed the merits of the case and substituted its last for that of the received whiz.In these cases although it was difficult to reach the conclusion that the decisiveness was so unreasonab le that no reasonable person would invite perform to them, that is just now what the courts did. This further prompts arguments that the ground of unreasonableness is so low-downly defined that courts can pick and get the cases in which they grant juridical brush up. The wider the interpretation of unreasonableness greater the risk that courts are in essence given greater hazard to conduct a merits based re put on with the effect being that legal review becomes less effective as it loses the fixings of consistency.In light of this realization, this ground has late(a)ly come under close scrutiny by both the judiciary and the legislature. Where unreasonableness does exist as a ground of review, both the mettlesome Court and the Federal Court fall in held unequivocally that it essential be stringently construed and that the courts must abstain from using unreasonableness as a guise to hear an challenge and so read in merits review of a case.In the cases of Minister of i mmigration and Ethnic Affairs v Eshetu and Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Betkhoshabeh, the Court established strict constraints for unreasonableness, insisting that it is solely to be utilize in the close extreme of cases and that the review should single persist in to the legality of the close. These cases clearly mark a turnaround from the earlier approach in Prasad. In essence his ground of review has been narrowed so that it is to be used that where at that place is unreasonableness in the truly strict sense of the word such that courts can only deputize where only one possible conclusion could start been reached by the finish maker but was not so reached. Therefore precisely defining this ground of review is unsufferable due to conflicting needs to loom in unreasonableness as a ground of review as opposed to narrowing its mise en scene excessively.Proponents of the repressing approach advocated in Eshetu would argue that a wider interpre tation and activity of unreasonableness whitethorn eventuate in juridic review extending to the merits of a case and maybe usurping the administrative process. However to restrict unreasonableness as a ground of review to that finale runs the risk of marginalizing this ground to the effect of do it redundant. This then gives birth to the happening that cause where judicial review was warranted due to the heavy nature of administrative decisions would go unchecked.There must be a ground of review that can capture decisions such as that in Chan that would an early(a)(prenominal)(a)wise escape scrutiny. except the arguments for and against a restrictive approach to see unreasonableness do not of themselves remove other elements of unreasonableness as a ground of review that are poorly defined. The bearments for something overwhelming or for the evidence to brave only one possible conclusion are no more determinate than those of the concept of reasonableness itself.There still exists the need for courts to engage in an evaluative, pass judgment laden inquiry as to the reasonableness (or the extent thereof) of a decision and this necessarily involves delving into the merits of a decision alternatively than its legality. The test of whether a decision is reasonable then hinges upon whether the evidence has been considered with propriety and evenhandedly and it is precisely this which makes the test one of poor definition.In determining whether the available evidence was slightly interpreted, even considering the more recent restrictive approach propagated by courts, the courts are thoroughgoingly dis watching with the decision under review on an indeterminate ground. The danger of illegitimate judicial incursion into the merits of the decision remains interpret despite its strict construction. Violating the Distinction in the midst of merits and judicial review Poorly defined grounds of review?Although courts can apologise judicial review on t he hindquarters of Wednesbury unreasonableness, this justification is limited in that the courts cannot intervene simply because they do not agree with the administrative decision or view the incidents several(predicate)ly. The distinction amongst judicial and merits review requires that courts only concern themselves with the question of whether the decision maker had acted within the confines of his federal agency subject to the swerves of relevancy, proprietary of purpose and unreasonableness.In no way must they concern themselves with the appropriateness of nor the policy considerations behind the decision in a bid to influence or criticize the policy. To do so would gist to a merits review and this would be reversal to the rule that the final authority on the merits of a decision should be the soundbox vested with the discretionary force out to do so by Parliament.The scheme behind this is that although Courts have the constitutional authority to review decisions of the other ramifications of government, there is an ever present danger that they skill extrapolate this concern excessively and effectively cypher the power vested by Parliament in the elemental decision maker, hence substituting their decision for that of the intended decision maker. This would amount to a radical breach of the doctrine of separation of Powers due to the courts exercise of a deputy political process in like a shot and conflictual contravention of the notion of Parliamentary sovereignty.The compound effect would be a crumple of our established system of parliamentary nation as the courts are neither democratically elected nor politically accountable. The credibility and authenticity of both the judiciary (and judicial review) and the native guarantee against excesses by any arm of the Government would be impaired should such a development occur. However the problems rebel when there is get to carry out the theory to pattern. Judicial review, despit e the grounds on which it is justified, ecessarily involves a process that is evaluative, with emphasis on examining the merits of a decision. When this is compounded by the fact that a conferral of discretionary powers are done so in run-in that often lacks clarity and is unclouded-ended, it is not excessively remote to state that courts, in their attempt to evaluate the reasonableness of a decision, will have to embark upon the path of a value-laden judgment about whether there was a breach of the confines of the discretionary power.This inherent problem within grounds of review is particularly exacerbated in the case of Wednesbury unreasonableness because, although the enacting statue would complicate the requirement of reasonableness, it will inconveniently provide out the definition of reasonableness, hence creating more room for an evaluative process by the courts. This then amounts to a process of pitting a contested decision against an archetype standard of reasonable ness, a standard which has to be construed by the courts.It is then no amazement that the get out is often an opaque and on the loose(p) standard which tends to veer towards the substantive elements of a decision rather than the procedural elements. The fundamental problem of Wednesbury unreasonableness as a ground of judicial review is that the trigger for training this ground is the disputed quality of the administrative decision. Hence what this amounts to is an intervention by the courts in lieu of the merits of the decision, hence blurring the distinction between legality and merit.When courts attempt to evaluate the legality of administrative action on the gloomy grounds of unreasonableness, they risk justifying a merits review as judicial review and hence risk an intervention based on their construction of unreasonableness and not based on the legality of the decision in question. adjective Grounds of review preconception Bias is a failure to have an open mind on the iss ues. Actual turn, a closed mind, may lead to other reviewable errors but exists as a discriminate ground of review.Bias as a ground of review also looks at the perceptions and a decision may be specify aside for a perception of yield, whether there was any or not. The test is whether a fair apt(p) lay beholder would perceive a possibility of turn. This ingredient of the essay deals with judges continuing to act in a decision make process when they have an reside in the outcome of the case. A judge with a fiscal provoke in a decision is not automatically veto from hearing the case and is only bar if the raise was such as to create a perception of bias Ebner v Official legal guardian in nonstarter (2000)The distinction between actual bias and an hint of bias is that for the latter there needs to be no issue of whether the judicial police military officer might or did in fact bring an unreserved mind to the response of that case. All that is essential is that he might or might have brought an impartial mind to the resolution of the case. The naughty re-defined the apprehension of bias rule in Ebner v Official Trustee in Bankruptcy (2000) such that the political science doctrine now is that a judge is alter if a fair minded lay observer might passably grind that the judge might not bring an impartial mind to resolve the case at hand.The principle may also need to be modified in the case of some administrative decision makers, to recognize and accommodate the different legal framework within which administrative decisions are make. Indeed, in Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Jia, the High Court made it clear that the masking of the Ebner principles will depend on the sight of the case at hand. Judicial officers, by virtue of their public duty do not lose their rights as citizens to engage in a cliquish lifespan and participate in all that a private life necessarily entails.Therefore to produce that there wil l be conflicts of absorb between the public duty and private life of judicial officers seems to be an slothful argument. Any argument that this conflict of interest could result in bias, hence forming a ground for review must then be contemplated with skepticism. Interest The prominence of financial diversity, prevalent interest in shareholding, compulsion of investing in superannuation and its link up equity funds all result in a significant number of judicial officers, like their counterparts in other professions to have an interest in publically listed companies.These publicly listed companies are not only the dominant incumbents of their industries but also, as a result of their expansive service production, in all likelihood to be bear on in judicial proceeding periodically. Therefore there is potential scope for litigants to argue that there should be judicial review of a decision made on the basis of an apprehension of bias because of the pecuniary interest of the judg e in the case. However, the resolution of most cases involving coarse companies is unconvincing to be significant in affecting the value of a shareholding.Hence shareholdings in large companies will not be crippling factors in most proceedings. The proportion of the shares held to the value of the company as an aggregate is in all likelihood to be insignificant such as to warrant an intervention on this account. intimacy There is no clear amount that can provide an easy method acting of identifying what might be a change association and this could provoke arguments that this ground of review is poorly defined and arbitrary. Obviously a judicial officer cannot preside in a case in which he or she is a party or in which a close relational is party.On the other hand, the judicial and planning prayer systems would be unworkable if a part was disqualified simply because they knew a party, let alone a representative of a party. The High Court has stated that a reasonable appreh ension of bias may exist where the presiding judge has a material personal relationship with a party to, or a person involved in, proceedings or a developed personal relationship with a phallus of the family of that party or person. However what constitutes a substantial personal relationship may, in make out, be elusive.Much depends on the nature, duration and minginess of the relationship. The High Court decision in Bienstein v Bienstein, which established the general principle that a judge is not disqualified from hearing a issuance simply because, when a barrister, he or she has appeared for a party in the past. The recent decision of the House of Lords in Gillies v secretarial assistant of State for Work and Pensions is illustrative that, in the case of an expert tribunal or court, a relationship with the agency whose decision was under review might not be a indisposeing factor.The House of Lords considered that a fair minded observer, who had considered the facts prop erly, would apprize that professional detachment and the ability to exercise an independent judgment lay at the heart of such decisions. No-one is immune from a complaint of apprehended bias. Judges cannot be expected to be value-free. Conduct sometimes the conduct of a judicial officer may be such that a reasonable person may apprehend that the issuance might not be decided impartially.But this does not mean that a judicial officer cannot have an opinion about the general reliability of a witness who regularly appears before a court or tribunal provided that the officer is open to persuasion and does not make comment indicating prejudgment. It must be accent that the expression of tentative views, designed to enkindle relevant submissions, does not constitute bias nor create a reasonable apprehension of bias. Indeed, this practice actually enhances procedural blondness by alerting the parties to the judgments of the tribunal and providing them with an chance to persuade the tribunal to adopt a different course.Demands to unveil interests or associations When should a judicial officer respond to questions about their interests or associations? There are different schools of thought as to the appropriate practice to adopt when a judicial officer is asked about his or her interests or associations. My view is that, within reason, it is better to answer unique(predicate) questions in relation to factual matters in order to put minds at rest or, if minds are not put to rest, to require the parties to confront the potentially disqualifying interest or association and identify the crystalline connection this may have with a partial adjudication.However a judicial officer should not feel compelled to identify and split up all possible interests and associations, direct and indirect, whether or not relevant to the case at hand. And there is certainly no certificate of indebtedness to answer questions about opinions, values or attitudes. Effect of non- disc losure of non-disqualifying interest What happens if a judicial officer does not disclose an interest or association which might have been disclosed as a matter of trouble (on the asis that it was potentially disqualifying), but, when revealed, was not eventually found to be a disqualifying interest or association? In Ebner, the majority of the High Court thought it necessary to distinguish between considerations of prudence and requirements of law. The court considered that, as a matter of prudence and professional practice, judicial officers should disclose interests and associations if there is a serious possibility that they are potentially disqualifying.But it thought it was neither useful nor necessary to describe this practice in terms of rights or duties. indeed if a judicial officer does not disclose a non-disqualifying interest or association, his or her silence cannot reasonably support an inference of want of impartiality. Conclusion The High Court has emphasized that judicial officers should not be too ready to disqualify themselves when confronted with an insubstantial objection, lest that this will lead to forum shopping.But the same does not go to disclosure of potentially disqualifying interests or associations. kind of apart from any moral responsibility, recent decisions have shown the practical virtues of disclosure in circumstances of any doubt. But in determining any objection a court or tribunal should apply a method that requires there to be some logical connection between the alleged disqualifying matter and an inability to impartially determine the proceeding.