Individual, State and Society

This essay sh completely critic completelyy annotate on devil quotations. The first quote is by Marg atomic number 18t Thatcher who bump tongue to Thither is no much(prenominal) thing as parliamentary mastercedure, tho when individuals and their families and the second quote is by David Cameron who express at that place is such thing as cab bet its exactly not the resembling as the raise To critically comment on these quotes that were put ind in a policy-making setting, references shall be made to the semipolitical ideologies the subjects held and the context they appeared in will be analyzed.Additionally different political introductory ideologies will be named and come out of the closetlined to give a broader under raiseing and furrow in the analysis. Furtherto a gr cancel outer extent, Platos The res publica (360BC) and existentialist Jose Ortegas Man and People, (1957), shall strive to lend their firmness from their philosophical works, to shed some light and give meaning on the complexity of these two quotes. For clarity British conservatisms history will be looked at closely. Terms Individual, union and State are briefly defined now. An individual is planetaryly intercommunicate a person separate from opposites, with his/her aver require, values and desires.The tuneulate originates from Latin in-dividuus, meaning indivisible, referring to a single human being, separate from a group. A society is made up by a collection of individuals. The etymology of the word originates in Latin societas, derived from socius which translates as comrade, friend or ally, indicating relations. It can for type flavour be such as a group of wad, subject to legal philosophy and political authority, or a group of like- thinkered people, sharing the same norms and values. Often, therefore, societies are seduceed, such as medical-, esoteric- or literary- for example.The word society perpetually refers to relations between people they whiteth orn share a accepted culture, territory, economic, political or mixer structure. The state can be called an organized, a political community under government a sovereign state is a public, political entity, recognized in national law. Other dustup associated with state are machinery, a agreement, imposition/obligation and polity. Named and compendd d birthstairs are various different political and social philosophies and ideologies Communism Is a Latin word derived from communis and office -shared or -belonging to all.The harm communism and communism are somewhat inter-changeable. These political ideologies followed communist philosopher Karl Marxs 10-point communist pronunciamento from 1845, he was quoted in saying Workers of the world, unite, you take aim nothing to loose, just now your chains. Marx was bear on in building a dispense with society without di stack or alienation. He believed this could only be achieved by a revolution quest to overthrow capitalism and to have state ownership by the means of production this in short meant the dictatorship of the project.The aim in mind was for the working class to replace the exploiter class and to create costity, a no-class system, abolishing privatization, with re-distri bution of land and production. A good example of the workings of Communism, as efforts in co-operation, would be a Kibbutz, mirroring a microcosm of this political theory. Well known communist leading and dictators of a serious nature and totalitarians, were Mao Zedong and Stalin for instance. Socialism Latin in origin, sociare translates as -to share.The older involve of communism and socialism was built on 5 tenets Stress on community, cooperation, equality, social class and common ownership. Marx had ideas just just about balancing the material and the moral and overly said From each harmonise to his ability to each according to his need. Socialists are reformers and believe if the structure of society changes, things will change, similar to the beliefs held by Marxist Terry Eaglton. Socialism is about the group, having a collective, a solidarity and brotherhood, with no individual advantage.An evil in society to a socialist goes back to the structure of the society, instead than an individual. Socialists ideologies are c at oncerned with outcome and what we can become, a somewhat utopian idea. Socialism and communism collapsed between 1989 and 1991. Nowadays socialism is democratic advertiseism a good deal associated with trade unions seen fend for workers nears. Liberalism Etymologically speaking the term derives from Latin liber- translating as - stark. Liberals, next to favoring free commercialise trade, alike believe in government action to achieve equal opportunity and equality for all.As an enlightenment vogue it started in Europe with portmanteau word in 1868 (first lib. PM) leading the revolution, seeking to reform and change, arguing we can all get to the top, by basing your conviction on your own reason. Liberals challenged the Monarchy holding all agents and m superstary and this time became known as the age of reason, associated with the slogan outweart behold to class. On the political ideologys spectrum grownupism is someplace in the nerve center between left hand hand, communism, and right, fascism.This ideology grew out of the collapse of communism and socialism, belonging to the post-modern (industrialist) era and is also known as AnarchoCapitalism, marking ticker ground between authority and liberty. Thereafter the middle-class was born. Democratic liberals stand for government action to achieve equal opportunity and give democracy. They reserve it is the governments duty to alleviate social dysfunction and to cherish civil liberties including individual and human rights.The liberal governments polity should ideally ensure that no individual is in need and also if problems arise theirs is the duty to solve problems. Somewhat debate this concept is their own policy that the state should not interfere in personal lives, as it needs to be a policy of individualism. Justice for a liberal means equal opportunity, like health- bursting charge for instance. Additionally liberals are also perpetrate to pluralism and multi-culturalism. Ideally tolerant, a liberals motto is I dislike what youre saying, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. Liberals prime motivator is the pleasure of profit and the gathering of ones own self-interest. Unlike Socialist, liberals see themselves separate from the state and are not primarily concerned with the common good or society. F. F. Y. said You cant be a liberalist without being a capitalist. legerdemain Locke defined 3 funda psychic rights of Liberalism which are Life, liberty and property and Stuart submarine sandwich detected that this idea can become a license and that it can only be restrained if someones liberty is threatened.Hence Liberalism can comfortably dissolve into Egoism and severe greed, on a positive note, it may encourage the flourishing of an individual, though. Negative liberty, as reflected in European ascesis measures presently or Irelands Budget 2012 for example, would be liberty from the constraints of freedom. here(predicate) a list close to the values of a liberalisms resource Capitalism, no intervention/regulation in economy, anti-racism, anti-capital punishment, anti-weapon bearing, pro-environment, pro-euthanasia, pro- abortion, pro-immigration, pro U.N. , pro-War on Terror, pro-welfare. Fascism (is here listed before Conservatism, but follows Conservatism on the political spectrum from extreme left to extreme right) facses derives from Latin and means -bundle of rods, and symbolically speaking it depicts strengths of unity. Fascism is an anti-democratic, political system with a supreme leader exercising dictatorship. Hitler and Mussolini are examples of fascist leadership. Their ideologies are radi cal, authoritarian and nationalist in nature.The community is viewed as an organic entity and bonded by nationality, ancestry, culture and blood. As a state it is totalitarian, with only one company ruling. The leader holds sole power and oversees the fascist movement, government and other state institutions. Opposition is not tolerated and always suppressed. Fascists, in society to keep their ideologies running, anything out of their norm, such as ideas, people and systems undermining the norm or become, as they view it, the cause of decadence or degeneration, are purged and gotten rid off.Fascism promotes violence and warfare to overthrow other political systems, thus is militarism in nature. Its some anti everything, it cope withs class based identity operator and society, is anti-bourgeois, anti-proletarian and anti- individualist based identity and society. In Nazi Germany, for instance, this system became known as The Third bearing. Economically speaking, it therefore cont ests capitalism and socialism and is in policy a state directed-regulated economy against the power of money. Social welfare is not tolerated, as it would support the weak, as Hitler believed.Generally fascism holds dark, radical ideas on culture, sex and sexuality, also concerning abortion, eugenics and euthanasia. Virtues valued by fascists are action, discipline, hierarchy, spirit and will. It claims to seek positive diversity in society believes in education, spiritual renovation (anti-clerical) and fosters the will to hulk in a united national identity. (*Although a general outline of fascism was given, fascisms ideology can be hard to define, as it mixes doctrines of left and right) Conservatism The term originates from the Latin word conservare, meaning -to preserve.Conservatism is a political and social philosophy with a belief that it is generally considered best go for in keeping traditional institutions and advocates changes in society in a gradual and slow manner. As worldly-mindeds value stability and continuity by preserving things as they are, they tend to oppose modernism. Conservatism, though, can differ in policies depending which untaught or continent it is class periodd in or on. Largely speaking, worldly-mindeds support personal responsibility, limited government, free markets, and empowerment of the individual to solve problems to lock their own goals.A list of their general policies looks like this Anti-abortion, education according to ability, anti-racism, pro capital punishment, free market economy, privatization, school vouchers, support nuclear power and oil-drilling, prohibit euthanasia, non-belief in climate changes, pro-arm bearers, private healthcare, pro-homeland security screening, anti-immigration (only legal), pro-private property rights, oppose long-term welfare. For simplicity and relevance this essay shall stick with, and outline British Conservatism, as our quoted subjects in this essay, Margaret Thatcher and Dav id Cameron, both belong to this fellowship.Development of British Conservatism was as follows Irishman Edmund Burke, a Wig at source (opposed to Monarchism) became known as the return of Conservatism (Tory Party a hierarchal society/ ruling by divine right). The British Conservatives of the early 19th century were rural landowners of Anglican confession they were royals by association, possessed property and adhered to their beliefs that were to follow an established social order and the existing conventions.However, a little time later the gentrys belief-system was challenged, as the industrial elite, consisting of rich businessmen, called for revolution, sought power and thereby threatened the established social order. Negotiations followed and Robert Peel reconciled the two opposing parties in 1846 with the Corn-law repeal. The aristocrats, longing to return to their medieval ideas and the business class, favoring laissez-faire capitalism, managed to form a coalition, meaning the prior kept their status quo and the last mentioned got their free trade policies.Now the Conservative party was made up of Royals, traditional landowners and industrialists. crest, benzoin Disraeli, a medieval romantic at heart, fore cut an alienated industrial proletariat with this in the buff coalition and formed a new political ideology in form of the One Nation policy, which is still in practice today and supported numerous social reforms since. The idea behind the new policy was to return to an organic society whereby each and everyone should have duties towards other people or groups.Remarkably, Disraeli, who was a conservative, not a Marxist, aimed to unite the aristocracy, the middle and the working class, the latter he tried to shield from being exploited. The 1920s saw the liberal movement collapse, as labour ascended. During WW2 the conservatives aligned with labour, however, it was more than a pragmatic move to fight the war, than a love affair. From the fifti es to the mid 1970s in usage were progressive broadly pro-labour and semi- collectivistic policies by successive British governments, including conservative ones.Margaret Thatcher became Prime parson of the Conservative Party in 1979 and remained in office until 1990. With her leading the party, a melodramatic shift occurred in British conservatism with a big movement towards free market economic policies. Privatization of state owned industries became commonplace during her time. She was draw as a classical- radical- liberalist, inconsistent with the concept of conservatism in the U. K. it is often believed her policies challenged and confronted traditional institutions and rocked philosophies of the elite and the old British, established social order in general.Her politics became known as Thatcherism, termed by Stuart Mill. Thatchers policies largely remained as they are until today and anti-trade union legalization is still in place. afterward various Prime Ministers in th e U. K. , David Cameron, known to be a neo-liberalist, heading the Conservative Party, is now Prime Minister and his party is in coalition with liberal-democrats Nick Clegg. Looking back, in terms of supply-side economics and many countries copying Thatchers then successful clay sculpture of free market policies, Margaret Thatchers Thatcherism has its critics.On another note, some disagree potently with the idea that she was a radical neo-liberalist, opposing the established, for they argued that she didnt challenge the monarchy, but only new-made additions to British politics instead, which were the trade unions. The mentioning of her name present still remains in peoples minds with self-coloured associations of this bit, rest up to the trade unions. Her opponents would comment she was a monetarist, controlling inflation, not unemployment the latter doubled during her first 2 years in office.A possibly strong argument, as, during her term as prime minister, she ran a stern g overnment/state, restraining labour movement, local authorities and trade unions. Thatcher also joined the House of Lords and was rather conservative regarding morality, as an anti-gay supporter, she was also known to have defended capitalism and free market policies by saying that we all had a choice and was once heard to have given a rather unsympathetic theological address at a religious ceremony where she cited St Paul by saying, if a man will not work, he shall not eat.At the end of her term, 30% of children were regarded as living below the poverty line. As prime Minister of Britain, Margaret Thatcher received many labels during her time but of all, she was neer labeled something as sweet as Queen of Hearts, the title of respect people loving, tragic Diana received for instance, and this following quote may relieve why, as Mrs. Thatcher said There is no such thing as society, only individuals and their families Unemployment in the U. K. post Thatcher had minimized for a whi le and more han 20 years later with David Cameron leading the conservatives as their Prime Minister nothing much has changed in political ideologies of the conservative party. While it was trade-union issues then, its become the middle-class issues now. Britain presently faces various issues it tries to tackle, such as stronger task increases on the middle-class, over-dependency on the public sector, mass-unemployment and welfare concerns, budget deficits and the European crisis.However their likeable, law-abiding new leader David Cameron, a Tory, is reputed to be much more of a peoples person than Thatcher was, delivering rhetorically fine and caring speeches for all. During the recent riots in London, Mr. Cameron commented in a news report that society was in trouble, by saying there were pockets of society not only broken, but sick and he further elaborated and explained that causes for the riots, as he saw it, were a complete lack of responsibility in our society and that he fe lt, people felt they are owed something.Some are impressed by and acclamation Mr. Camerons passionate and determined involvement, despite being a Tory leader, on social issues, such as his recent project Big order of magnitude bank and others feel his recent proposal to privatize and save the NHS, by opening it up for private scientific investors to carry out patient research within, doesnt add up, regarding his general display of sensitivity, warmth and care for pressing societal issues.This apparent division in policy and contrariety in his actions, is also reflected in his speech when he said There is such thing as society its just not the same as the state. 20th century liberalist, existentialist philosopher and journalist Ortega faculty have had a minute of sympathy for Margaret Thatchers somewhat heartless, -individuals- remark and also for receiving such public criticism regarding the trade union issues, as he said in his Man and People, (1957) There is strive and conf lict at the heart of all social relationships. Aristotle would have argued this and would have impeach Mrs. Thatcher of acting unjust and unfairly regarding her single-minded political ideology, by laborious to reason and appeal to her higher, contemplative nature, he might have act to convince her that man is a social animal and needs others. Ortega part agreeing on contemplation, would have possibly come to Mrs. Thatchers defense by saying Man is naturally unsociable, man wants to leave, flee from it. Plato would have broiled Mr. Cameron on the danger of having charitable Big Society ideas.Plato might have attempted to curb big-hearted, spirited Mr. Cameron a little, by indicating that heroism and self-sacrifice are dual and could lead to tyranny and anger at the good deal of in judge. Ortega, regarding the incident with the rioters, which had upset Mr. Cameron in terms of lack of responsibility people nowadays have, would have maybe offered another existentialist interpr etation concerning freewheeling rioters, by suggesting that we all lived in our own world and wanted freedom from responsibility.Plato, the philosopher king and Socratess friend and pupil, wrote his own intellectual autobiography The commonwealth 2025 years ago. The booklet, written by Plato in disillusionment, after Athenian democracy failed, was to be the ideal blueprint for society, in the text Plato holds dialogues in form of Socrates with the sophists. The aim of Platos dialogues was to harmonize individual and city. The main themes occupying the dialogues are the questions What is justice and how can we achieve happiness (eudaimonia) in the city.Plato was the first person in history to set up an academy in 386BC, as he was passionate teaching philosophy to statesmen, educating them. Surely Plato would not have been well-chosen with Mrs. Thatchers and Mr. Camerons quotes. Had he been around, he might have helped them sink from their Toryian thrones and lead them down, down, down to the the low, low, low and mean streets of East London, to face their own daemons, in order to order their soulsAs Plato in his dialogues argued that in order to give a transcendent vision, and he gave an analogy for this in The Republic symbolically speaking -from the Acropolis (heaven) to Piraeus (seedy harbor district of Athenss), one needs to go down and descend into their dark, murky waters of the psyche to face and confront their own inner hell first and remove shackles of the past, as it is only then that one can ascend with a transcended vision to lead a polis (society). According to Plato, and psychoanalyst Freud (descend) and Franklin (ascend) would have agreed with him, only souls (individuals) that had gone through this particular ransformation process first, would make up a well functioning society based on good mental health, consisting of truth, goodness and beauty. Regarding Mr. Cameron and Mrs. Thatchers quotes then, instead of rhetoric (sophistry) Plato wo uld have expected wisdom (sophia) and an ability to articulate a transcendent vision from the rulers of Britains Conservative party, as he may have otherwise suspected their political system to fail, just like the sophists Athenian democracy did, 2025 years ago.In The Republic, which he wrote in homage to Socrates, who died for truth and justice, Plato maintained that there is no justice to be expected, unless rulers become philosophers and philosophers become statesman. This essay attempted to critically comment on two quotes made by two of Britains Prime Ministers. An analysis of British conservatisms ideology and their partys history was drawn up and explained, and possible views to the meaning and interpretations of these two quotes, in the light of philosophy and politics, were offered. Terms and different political ideologies in general were also outlined. .