Analyzing an organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analyzing an organization - raise ExampleThe general public expects exceptional services of c atomic number 18 and attention from these institutions and it is important for the organization bearing to be flawless and dependable. There ar innate and external factors involved in shaping and organisational size, strategy and effectiveness are very important. There are many internal and external factors on which the organizational design depends on. These various dimensions of the organizational design are presented with their influences. When it comes to the size of an organization, it is greatly affected by the feel-cycle of an organization. Since infirmarys have complicated procedures to be amalgamated with streamlined operations to ensure maximum success, there are formal structures with employees having definite organizations duties and responsibilities. In a health care system, the tasks are highly specialized with comminuted rules and instructions to direct the easiest as we ll as the most complicated procedures. ... The most important facet of a health care institution is to provide superior service to its customers which in this case are the patients. The services of a health care organization are highly specialized with almost postal code margin of error. Therefore, efficiency and accuracy is the need of such an organization and defines the core belief of such an organization. Therefore, broadly hospital and health care organizations have a tall structure with hierarchical relationships take border high responsibilities on the people of the organizational chain. It has been inquiryed and proved that big organizations are mechanical in their operable conductivity and therefore try and achieve maximum efficiency. This works in perfect unison with the involve and requirements of a health care institution (Pfeffer, 1978). Organization life cycle is another(prenominal) important internal factor that dictates the size of an organization. Just like a human being, organizations also have different stages of their life and therefore have different needs. In terms of a hospital, as the hospital becomes bigger, it adds more functions and research departments in itself and therefore becomes bigger and bigger. They amalgamated processes and ontogenesis in size. The number of levels within an organization increase as the level of complexity increases of the service or the product that is being provided by the organization. Environment is another important factor dictating the organizational design. There are many external factors that influence a hospitals development of strategy, its size and processes. The need of its biggest stakeholder, the customer, streamlines the basic work ethic of the organization. The organization strives to provide quality life saving service

Leadership assessment 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership assessment 4 - Essay specimenAs the name of the business suggests, our Unique Selling Point is competitive pricing where we try to tenderise products to our clients at lowest possible rates. Retaining this price advantage in the retentive run is unfeasible as operating costs have to be maintained at the lowest level at altogether times. Expansion has increased the operating costs which renders the business un get aheadable with the current low profit margin. besides competing on price is unhealthy as we remain vulnerable to new entrants that can offer get around prices and customer service. Hence, as the CEO of Cheap as Chips, I will raise the current profit margin by 10% and provide extra to the customers in terms of utility and customer economic aid through investing in our human resource capital. This will also help us to ameliorate our reputation in the competitive market as customers are not just looking for a place to buy products of their need but a complete shopping experience where convenience and long term customer relationships is the winning factor.In order to elevate our image, we will move from being price-centric to being customer centric. The first step towards customer satisfaction is a staff force that is ever stimulate to assist the customer, anticipate their problems beforehand and come up with solutions in minimum time. Performance criteria will be developed for each job description so that every employee knows what is expected of him. Performance appraisals will be done monthly in the beginning, especially for the sales force as they are the companys face for the customers. For the sales staff, performance will not only be judged by the sales do in a department but also the ability of the salesperson to maintain favorable customer relationships.Any gap between threshold performance and current performance of personnel will be filled by training sessions which will be an on-going

Trinidad and Tobago is a good country to do Internation Business with Term Paper

Trinidad and Tobago is a good area to do Internation Business with - frontier Paper ExampleConsidering that it is currently on an economic high, Trinidad and Tobago is a good pastoral to do planetary agate line with. Trinidad and Tobago has the highest per capita income in terms of direct strange investments in the region. There are more than one hundred fifty firms that have already established businesses in the country. These companies include Coca Cola, Johnson & Johnson, Citicorp, Fujitsu and PricewaterhouseCoopers (International Monetary Fund 4). Currently, the country is enjoying its highest foreign investments opportunities in history. Fueling the high levels of foreign direct investment is the countrys expansion of its talent sector. Trinidad and Tobago also offers a warm, diverse and stable business climate, which is contrary to the unpredictability witnessed in other Caribbean countries. The country also boasts a diverse cultural setting that makes it easy for local s and foreign investors to set up and demand out business activities (Rojas-Suarez and Elias 17). The business environment in Trinidad and Tobago makes it an ideal country to do international business with. The countrys socio-economic, cultural and political structure sets it apart from its neighbors in the Caribbean since it offers excellent investment opportunities for twain big and small international businesses. ... The country is also considered to be the most industrialized in the Caribbean and Latin America region (International Monetary Fund 7). Trinidad and Tobago has not always been an investors choice of business destination. The repeat islands of Trinidad and Tobago were Spanish colonies before they fell into British authority during the early 19th century. At the time, much of the countrys economy was pegged on its sugar stinkpote industry which came to near collapse following the emancipation of slaves in 1834. However, the importation of plantation workers soon rev ived the sugar industry and enhanced the coca industry. A tho boost to the countrys economy was realized with the discovery of oil reserves in 1910. Trinidad and Tobago gained its freedom from the British in 1962 and has been expanding its economic opportunities ever since (Rojas-Suarez and Elias 176). There are two major ethnic groups in Trinidad and Tobago Indian and African. The Indians make up 40% of the total population while Africans are about 37% of the population. People of mixed ethnicity make up about 21 percent of the population. According to July 2011 estimates, the country has a population of about 1,227,500 plurality. A majority of the countrys citizens lie in the 15-64 years jump on bracket. This means that the labor market is quit big in the country. 14% of the total population can be found in the urban areas, with many being in the countrys capital, look of Spain (CIA World Factbook). This is because the majority of the countrys industries and businesses are ba sed in the urban areas. Many of the people of Trinidad and Tobago are either Christian or Hindu. However there is a sizable number (less than 20 percent) who profess the Muslim

John B. Watson and Behaviorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

John B. Watson and behaviourism - Essay ExampleThis essay explains how Watsons work and ideas are different from those of who came before and after him, his contributions to psychology and the relevance of his work. It also looks at the applications of his psychological theory and the treatment methods that have been created from airism.Watson used animal subjects to study behavior before later turning to the study of human behaviors and emotions. Most notably was his Little Albert study where he modified the boys behavior through teach (Hothers any, 1995). He used the little boy Albert to test his behaviorist theory. He determined that white, furry objects, such as cotton, did not produce any negative answer in the baby. But by pairing together a neutral stimulus such as white, furry objects with an unconditioned stimulus such as a very loud noise that make an unconditioned response such as business organization, he was able to create a sore stimulus-response connecter af ter several repetitions. Thus when Albert saw white, furry objects, he responded by becoming terrified. This conditioned fear was then shown to generalize to other white furry objects, including feathers and white hair or beards (Hothersall, 1995).Those psychologists who came before Watson such as Thorndike and Sigmund Freud held a totally different view. Sigmund Freud for instance often received harsh criticism from Watson repayable to his Freudian psychoanalysis theory (Hothersall, 1995). His work on the other hand influenced the modern behaviorists who believe that all learning is simply conditioning, and that the conditioned response is the true unit of learned behavior. In fact, Watson was an important ratifier to classical behaviorism, who paved the way for B. F. Skinners radical or operant behaviorism, which is pivotal on modern educational systems (Hothersall, 1995). Even Ian Pavlov borrowed very much from Watson in conditioning his dogs. His contributions to psychologyMany of the concepts and principles are dummy up widely used today borrows heavily from behaviorism which dominates psychology. In fact, conditioning and behavior modification are still widely used in therapy and behavioral training to help clients change problematic behaviors and develop new skills (Hothersall, 1995). Obviously anyone who wants to manipulate others and compel them to do their bidding particularly governments and intelligence organizations uses the behaviorist theory. In fact, these two groups have spent the most money and the most time experimenting with the subject of behavioral psychology (Hothersall, 1995). Whether or not his work is still used in the fieldWatsons work is very evident eve today. Modern behaviorists believe that their behavioral psychology have greatly influenced the field of educational psychology passim the twentieth century. Accordingly, the process of education has been perceived in terms of such behavioral concepts as conditioning, final p ayment and punishment as well as behavioral outcomes (Hothersall, 1995). Also, teaching methods have been devised with a view to honor desirable learning behavior with most educational aims being formulated in terms of conditioning human beings for desired purposes and behavioral outcome

Human Resource Management and workforce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource Management and giveforce - Essay ExampleThe other roles play by the department was to recruit manpower (ensure sufficient numbers of people are available for product,) learning the staff to improve productivity and, ensuring the safety and health of the employees.Still the preliminary focus was to ensure the murder of Scientific Management techniques and the major work that used to get done routinely was - time-motion studies, fatigue studies, origin analysis, developing job specifications, designing compensation program and occasional welfare programs. Typical welfare programs address the other needs of the employees like wash rooms, vacation, lunchrooms, housing, hygiene etc.3. The initial stage of personnel concern was the creation of Welfare Officers, predominantly women, as a reaction towards the hazardous conditions prevalent in the production floors at that time (it is pertinent to re-collect the economies used to revolve around manufacturing and mining i n those days,) which was a to a great extent paternalistic role of the employers towards the women employees.4. With the unionization of the work-place, formation of unions at work, greatly contributed to the development of Labour Managers at work place aimed at managing the industrial relationships.As the wars changed the industrial relations scenario and strikes were declared illegal, the importance of Industrial Relationships grew by leaps and bounds.4. As the realization of the importance of Human Relations Approach increased and the fact that human productivity is also influenced by various factors like organization setting, motivation, work place conditions, and finally the need to organise business goals with the employees needs. Instead of looking at business goals and employee needs being in direct remainder with each other but being mutual and compatible is the foundation on which the modern HRM is base on.The major factors that influenced the movement from the Personn el Relations to HRM is the movement from collectivism to individualism, as also the radical legislative changes that were undertaken in those times primary one being the banning of sympathetic work striking.Essentially both the principles are fundamentally aimed at improving the employee productivity and thereby boosting the top-lines (then - which meant direct impact on derriere lines) and better value delivery to the stake holders (now.)The difference is that

Case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Case study - Assignment ExampleThe nursing valuement son of a bitchs applicable for the situation of David Kings are Crichton Royal behavior scale and the Barthel Index. Barthel Index encompasses ten items for measuring daily military operation of patients and particularly mobility and daily living (Gallao 2006, pg. 201). The tool helps in investigating items such as moving, feeding, transferring to toilet and back, bathing, walking, dressing, grooming, up and downstairs movement and continence of bladder. The Barthel Index is important here considering that the situation of avid King disenables him practicing self-care or operating independent of a caretaker. His hands are weak, he cannot communicate and has incontinent bladder that makes the tool the best for offering comprehensive care. Crichton Royal behavior scale measures patients ability in ten dimensions or items that allow mobility, memory, self-care, social disturbances, communication and orientation (Schachter 2011, pg . 181). This toll is relevant considering that it guides in entire assessment on issues that directly affect David Kings. For instance, the tool cab help a nurse assess and scale communication, coordination and memory capability of the patient.From the description of the case study, David Kings seems to be suffering from three health problems that include heart attack, body injuries and impaired memory. Body injuries resulting from the slump that necessitated admission of David Kings in the hospital is the most imperative health care problem that nurses need to attend. Impaired memory and cognition is the second most imperative healthcare need about David Kings and which requires quick attention. Heart attack that could be due blood wardrobe requires the least urgent medical care.The reason for making manifest and hidden body injuries as urgent healthcare problems facing David Kings relates to the magnitude of the pain that the problem is likely to cause to the patient. Managin g and

Leadership Phase 3 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Phase 3 Individual Project - Essay sampleAs a great deal as this wanted alter is to usefulness both Ouest and EEST, more(prenominal)(prenominal) than a few things still need to be in use into con brassration to make confident(predicate) its achievement. In the three-year research learn, Organizing for Change (as quote in Paton, 2005), septette factors were identified for alter to be successful. Basically, the seven factors wrap top organization support that ensures planned agenda position with business objectives from side to side infrastructure and substantive taking part and development of the workers. This is ambitious by a strong unsnarl team skilled in project organization (Orlikowski, W. J., & Hofman, J.D, 2004).As Director of Order Fulfillment Applications, it is ingredient of your duties to contain an understanding of the EEST purification. It has now also turn out to be fraction of your duties to appreciate the Ouest subtlety. The conjugation of these t wo cultures into one operational system will be fraction of your change organization plan. abandoned that you are the one ready with knowledge of the overall company strategies as well as the culture at the other end of the managerial tree, you have to be able to create it work for the benefit of the corporation as a entire and for the benefit of each person in your subdivision (Doyle, M.I., & Smith, M.K, 2007).Organisational civilization can be distinct as The specific compilation of principles and norms that are communal by good deal and groups in an organisation and that manage the method they interrelate with each other and by means of stakeholders outdoor the organisation.Each and each organisation has its sole culture this is usually shaped automatically, based on the decision of top organization and the core personnel inside the organisation. The events of employees within an organisation are more often than not a consequence of not only their own thoughts, but are for th e most part prejudiced by the socialisation procedures of the exact culture to which they

Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Poem - Essay Exampleem for the kingdom because of the illegal immigrants that pick up themselves immersing themselves into our society, I cannot help but think about whether they too are thinking along the wrong of the The Melting mess when they decided to come and try their luck in entering the United States. This is peradventure a mentality and a belief that has not changed for the immigrants because it is the very idea that has been fed to them for generations. Thus, The Melting Pot has become the official name for the American immigrant culture where they arrive as foreigners but become American. moreover becoming an American never meant that they had to give up who they are as foreigners to this land.That is what makes me sad. For as long as foreigners in the United States are not forced to give up their past in opt of the traditions and culture of their current homeland, immigration, both legal and illegal, could very well be the demise of the great country known as the United States of

Research Proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Proposal - enquiry Paper Example ice rink Lines Exhibits intends to plan and manage this expounding in a thoroughly overlord way. The services of the staff and volunteers will be solicited and optimally administered to achieve the collection objectives. Special arrangements will be made for masses with disabilities. Efforts will be made to assure maximal attendance and participation of the people of Brisbane. The event will be one of the first, showcasing a range of international, national and local artists in this genre. 1.0 line of merchandise Structure The Street smART is intended to be an exhibition exclusively associated with the contemporary graffiti, stencil and observance art. This exhibition will be organized and coordinated by Chalk Line Exhibits, a non profit, and structured organization in Brisbane. The sole purpose of Street smART is to facilitate an engaging plat puddle for two the people of Brisbane and the invited international, national and local artists, whe re they can perform and experience the varied facets of the contemporary graffiti, stencil and notice art. One essential aim of the organization is to educate the local youth about the showcased art form and to encourage them to actively participate in and visit art events, exhibitions and galleries. The administration and staff at Chalk Line Exhibits is dedicated to make this exhibition a big success in the context of the envisaged goals and objectives. 2.0 macro Environment Varied macro features at Brisbane make it an ideal venue for an exhibition of such genius and content. 2.1 Demography Brisbane is one of the most populated cities of Australia, with a major chunk of the population universe urban and young (the targeted segment) (ABS 2011 Online). Brisbane is also a female majority city, which is most suitable for Street smART, as women take a crap been found to have a greater predilection for art exhibitions (ABS 4172.0 2007, p. 13). 2.2 Cultural and Social Environment Bris bane being a cosmopolitan and modern city with its quintessential diversity and openness is inherently more pass judgment of change and novel trends. Thus, the populace at Brisbane could positively be expected to be more concerned in and receptive of relatively new visual art forms like graffiti, stencil and poster. The cultural and sociable makeup of Brisbane portends an impressive attendance and participation. 2.0 Art Attendee Chalk Line Exhibits well understands that the art diorama in Australia is defined by a unique mix of traditional art forms and novel approaches and trends (Australian government activity 2011 Online). So the organization is dedicated to invest the financial support extended by varied universal and private bodies to support and promote the upcoming art form of graffiti, poster and stencil. Hence, Chalk Line Exhibits intends to be very professional, efficient and accountable in the context of the exhibition under consideration (The Courier-Mail 2007 Online ) 2.1 General race Profile of Brisbane In 2009, the population of Brisbane stood at 2,004,262, out of which 1, 009,923 were females and 9, 94,339 were males (ABS 2010 Online). Thus, Brisbane is a female majority city. This is good for the exhibition as studies have shown that urban women are more likely to attend art exhibitions (ABS 4172.0 2007). Also, people mingled with 15 years to 24 years of age constituted 15.3 percent of the populace (ABS 2010 Online). As this exhibition is particularly targeted at the youth, this translates

F Robert Nozick's How Liberty Upsets Patterns Essay

F Robert Nozicks How Liberty Upsets Patterns - Essay ExampleThis paper agrees that a society, even a collectivistic one, can still be unequal because of the uneven scattering of skills, knowledge, and attitudes among people, but liberty is a pictorial equalizer, ensuring that people, no matter how small their financial/nonfinancial gifts may be, can have opportunities for self-development and economic prosperity, so that they can increase their shares to more socially equitable terms. Nozick employs the concepts of distributive justice and supply and demand to key the complexities of justice in the real world. Distributive justice can have different patterns, depending on the like pattern of society. It aims for the fair distribution of benefits and burdens using particular criteria, such as equality, merit, and needs. Liberty, which is married to a capitalistic society, relies on the criteria of equality and merit. Nozick uses the example of Wilt Chamberlain to explore the eff ects of in-demand skills on its supply. Chamberlain knows that he is in steep demand as a basketball star. This allows him to change D1 to D2, where the public changes D1 by the nature of their preferences. D2 is different from D1, where after soulfulness transfers something to Wilt Chamberlain, tierce parties still have their legitimate shares their shares are not changed (Nozick). The public has legitimate leadpower of their shares, which they can skew, if they want, in favor of Chamberlain. As a result, even if Chamberlain may be working as hard and as long as, let us say Spitzer, the former earns higher than the latter because of the third party intervention. The level of demand dictates the price of the supply. The key steps of Nozicks argument are crowing examples on how a preferred distribution of justice may be upset and changed, comparing capitalist with socialist societies, and establishing the primary argument that in a liberal capitalist society, the concept of fre e will and diversity of inherent or inherited financial and non-financial resources will definitely skew the original distribution of justice, unless a constant form of control is imposed on society.

Collaborative networks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Collaborative networks - Research wallpaper ExampleA major characteristic of having a distributed structure is that even though communications of the squad may occur from face to face at times, most part of the work is accomplished when the members argon usually geographical separated (Johansen, 1999).Using computer databases resources of papers in Information Technology, Communication and Geography, we leave alone be able to construct collaboration networks among the globally distributed team engaged in aerodrome crook in the third world countries. The reason for selecting these papers is because they will give a variety of the properties that ar required in developing a model for an effective global network. The papers will likewise provide apparent differences that are involved in collaboration networks.The aim of this research paper is to get up with a model that will support globally distributed teams that are engaged in airport gimmick in the third world countries. Thir d world countries are known to have poor stock based on their infrastructure capability especially in transportation and energy as well as the potential of information technology which have not yet been harnessed fully. The brilliance that is brought by air transport in countries cannot be measured as it is highly satisfactory. Airport construction in these regions that are not well exploited should be enhanced in order to cleanse the connectivity as well as the global reach. The need for airport facilities in the third world countries has to be enhanced not only by the quality and amount of physical infrastructure but overly by the way in which the distributed team engaged in the construction of the airports are managed. It is necessary for communications and control to be steered up between the distributed team in the regions for better results.In order to obligate the gap that exists in the third world countries with regards to the infrastructure the proposed approach of bui lding

Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engineering - Essay ExampleThe few types of engineering that are minimally constrained by such issues are pro bono engineering and unmannerly design engineering.Engineering has often been seen as a more or less dull, uninteresting correction in popular culture, and has also been thought to be the domain of nerds. For example, the cartoon character Dilbert is an engineer.Engineers are seen to be respected yet ridiculed for their intense beliefs and interests, which might owe its origin to the fact that they have deep disposition of the interconnectedness of many things. Thus, engineers such as Governor John H. Sununu, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and nuclear Physicist Edward Teller, are often driven into politics to fix things for the public good.While it appears as though Engineers chill out only need a bachelors degree to obtain a lucrative position that receives respect from the public, in fact it is only through a life-time of devotion to their field and the further advancement of their own skilful knowledge that they might arrive at such a destination.While the origin charts out as simply as possible, the journey of the engineer from days of stone tools to a variation of mechanisms and the mechanics that press forward easy functioning, the category of what makes an Engineer shows us the ingredients t... ible, the journey of the engineer from days of stone tools to a variety of mechanisms and the mechanics that facilitate easy functioning, the category of what makes an Engineer shows us the ingredients that an engineer is made up and the factors that co exist in his professional live to churn out ideas, designs and actual solutions.Moving onto the issue of the immenseness of an engineer, one can safely state that engineers have an effect upon the kind of world we thrive in out of all proportion to their numbers, devising it important for all of us to understand how they choose and design the changes they make, for these are the things tha t influence, strongly and directly, the way we live from day to day.The Engineers current plight is then described in terms of structural, administrative, participative and perceptional points. An Engineers level of functioning is compared to various other streams in terms of his contribution and declining numbers.This point also serves as an introduction to the model proposed for the betterment of an Engineers status in society today, in context of reasons as to why the world needs to sit up and take notice of the efforts of these professionals whose lives are dedicated to making ours more worthwhile.Summary 4The Socially Integrative Model covers the following pointsDevelopment of State of the graphics InstitutionsIntegrated Training ProgramsOrientation in Influence & Participation IssuesIncreased Cultural Presence example Bodies for Professional EngineersThe synthesis of this study and presentation lie in this five tier model, which has been arrived at as a result of a great amoun t of research as well as fundamental interaction with various Engineers from varied streams, who have worked in various time periods ranging from

Tuberculosis Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8750 words

Tuberculosis - talk ExampleTB is thus more fatal among children and interferon (IFN)-?-deficient individuals, who still lack granulomatous response (Mustafa et al 449). These are seen in Chest X-ray as lung lesions, and patients also experience muscle wasting (Verreck et al. 8). pathological characteristics TB patients also have increased C-reactive protein (CRP), while decreased soused corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were also observed (Verreck et al. 8). IL-10, trans ca-caing growth factor (TGF)-?, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?, and interferon (IFN)-? touch various roles in the formation of tuberculous granulomas of TB patients. TNF-? is associated with activation of macrophages. This cytokine, together with IFN-?, enhances the bactericidal activity of monocytes and macrophages, recruitment of these immune cells, and subsequent formation of granulomas (Mustafa et al. 450). IFN-? is produced in response to IL-12 secretion, which is initiated by to ll-like receptor (TLR)-2 activation.On the other hand, Il-10 and TGF-? antagonizes the action of TNF-? and IFN-? respectively, bring down the anti-mycobacterial immune response and allowing the growth of the pathogen within the innkeeper cells. In particular, IL-10 induces the macrophages to release soluble TNF- receptor event 2 (TNFR2), which couples with the cytokine to form an inactive TNF--TNFR2 complex. In this regard, a balance among these four is necessary in the best immune response against M. tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis is communicated through aerosols and inhaled bacilli. Upon phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages patrolling the lungs, the bacteria replicate within the host cell. Its survival lies in its ability to block phagosome maturation. Be shake of the intracellular nature of infection, drugs developed against TB should be fit to reach within cells (Feltcher, Sullivan and Braunstein 1582). After which, granuloma forms through the migration of macrophages, lymph ocytes and dendritic cells at the infection site. Among these cells, macrophages differentiate into epithelioid cells (EC), or immix to form multinucleated giant cells (MGC), which is also known as Langhans giant cells. ECs have better mycobactericidal functions, as seen in their lesser antigen load. On the other hand, the TGF-?- and FasL-expressing MGCs contain more bacterial antigens, and thus allow bacterial growth. In addition, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with heightened expression of FasL induce apoptosis in T lymphocytes during antigen presentation. Interestingly, ECs that contain mycobacterial antigens may resist apoptosis, and fuse to form MGCs. In contrast, ECs without mycobacteria undergo apoptosis. These findings show that M. tuberculosis cause inhibition of host cell apoptosis, and the MGCs cause death of antigen-specific T cells. By resisting apoptosis, viral antigens are not presented to immune cells, thus inhibiting recruitment and allowing persistence of the le sion. Persistence of TB infection also partly results from the immune suppression caused by FasL-expressing MGCs (Mustafa et al. 450-454). Thus, despite presenting no clinical symptoms, M. tuberculosis are present in granulomas, and can later reactivate and cause malady (Feltcher, Sullivan and Braunstein 1582). Diagnosis The gold standard in diagnosing TB remains to be clinical examination, impervious bacilli staining of sputum and bacterial culture. Culture of M. tuberculosis

Marketing Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing communications - Essay ExampleUsu in ally, target markets are set based on their geographic location, their demographic and psychographic characteristics (Koekemoer, 2004, p.1). Previously, contrary aspects of selling communication like selling activities, direct marketing, sales promotion, Internet advertising etc were handled by experts of the single fields. This generated lack of coordination and frequent inconsistency resulting in reaching target below the optimum level. Today, integrated marketing communication (IMC) is emerging where all kinds of communication and messages are properly coordinated with each other. Basically, IMC is proper integration of all communication tools to make them perform in harmony.Understanding consumer behavior is the primary objective of all marketers. Demand is created when consumers recognize need of a product and change of demand occurs when opportunities change. For instance, a person whitethorn prefer superior grasss after a jo b promotion. After recognizing a brand, a consumer then looks for alternatives which may always be price based. For instance, a consumer may prefer quality over price. Consumers of products and services, and business customers all over the world are becoming increasingly accessible (Rosenbaum-Elliot et al., 2011, pp.6-8). Today, the management system is moving from gradation system with managers becoming independent and without supporting services. This means managers today need to have full fellowship of marketing which is an ever changing process. The focus of marketing has shifted from acquiring new customers or retaining customers for life to selecting the remediate kind of customers. The emphasis is on discarding un utile customers while at the same time attracting and retaining the more profitable customers. There are many customers who do not remain loyal to any specific brand as they shift to other brands as soon

Trade and Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trade and globalization - Essay Example Asiatic countries are busy developing channels that would lead them to penetrate the the Statesn markets. Addressing the interest of the countries have-to doe with in trade promote globalization and culture trade policies among the member countries. This makeup explores trade, globalization mingled with America and Asia. Trade is a major factor that dictates economic appendage of a country. Trade open links that promote international relation between countries involved. Asian and Latin America have recorded growth in trade and globalization because of the comprehensive policies that they have developed (Lynch, 2010). These policies aimed at leveraging factors that hampered trade. Bilateral trade is a situation where two countries devise policies that lead to trade between them. Structures, which promote this trade, address issues like tax policies, legislation and any other factor that would make the occupation difficult. For example trad e between China and America has grown over the resent past repayable to open trade policies that these two countries have encountered. Bilateral trade between China and countries in Latin America has registered growth. Research indicates that Latin America receives much of its imports from Asia. Several factors work towards promoting trade between Asia and America. several(prenominal) of these factors include the following good relationship between the countries involved. The mutual relationship that exists between the countries involved in the bilateral trade contributed to the growth in the region. The following strategies have provided an enabling milieu for the existence of bilateral trade between Asia and America. Creation of an enabling environment for the Caribbean and Latin America countries to offer supply cooking stove in the Asian markets (Lynch, 2010). Creation of a trade relation between the countries involved. These strategies have provided an enabling environmen t for trade between Asia and America. Customization of the bilateral trade to suit the international standard has greatly led to the growth of trade between the two regions (Lynch, 2010). Opening of these regions to accommodate the global trade is a deliberate begin that aims at expanding bilateral trade. The Asian countries took an approach that led to the formation of regional economic cooperation. Economic cooperation ordinarily advocates for common tools that would provide trading environment. The international standards help the countries involved to work towards achieving a common objective. Largely, agencies involved in designing trade boundaries have developed proper channels, which have acted towards the growth of the trade. Legal dodge among the countries involved must provide an opportunity for the countries involved to trade. Some legal policies dictate the entry way of a country in the market. Largely, the exercise of IMF policies plays a great role in defining the policies that these countries adopt for their trade. The progress of the countries relies on the efficiency of the policy adopted. Poor policies influence trade negatively. The economic growth of the Asian countries has recorded a substantial growth because of the changes in the global trading trends. Globalization has led to development of the international payment system, which incorporate electronics payment methods. Globalization refers to a system where countries collaborate to eliminate factors that influence trade. The aim of

Mrs Dalloway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mrs Dalloway - bear witness ExampleMrs. Dalloway asks readers to read between the lines and to analyze the meanings of words, images, and memories to the characters and their society. Mrs. Dalloway represents despair because of repression and isolation that social class, faith, and science cannot remove, although the novel suggests that with love and career, some people can have enough hope to find meaning in their pull throughs.Mrs. Dalloway feels despair because of her repressed life that the traditional social order imposes on her. Conventional society has sexuality and social status norms and all of these repress Mrs. Dalloway. Even before she got married, Clarissa feels something missing in her life, which she remembers when she goes to shop for flowers for her political party She had a perpetual sense, as she watched the taxi cabs, of being out, out, far out to sea and alone she incessantly had the feeling that it was very, very dangerous to live even one day (Woolf Secti on 1). She feels it dangerous to live probably because she cannot live the life she wants because society will reject her. One of the hidden lives that Clarissa has is being a lesbian. She does not want to fully admit it to herself, but her relationship with fracture Seton has a romantic side. When Sally kissed her before, Clarissa felt something new, something better in her life the radiance burnt through, the revelation, the religious feeling (Woolf Section 2). The revelation is her attraction for the same sex, while the religious feeling is finding purity in truth. Clarissa knows, however, that her society despises human being people, so she decides to stick to gender norms and to marry Richard Dalloway instead. He presents socio-economic comforts, which Clarissa justifies she needs better than her suitors, Peter Walshs promise of an adventurous life in traveling. Furthermore, the title itself reveals how oppressed Clarissa is as a woman. Mrs. Dalloway means that she has no

Ethnicity and Education Essay Example for Free

sociality and Education bear witnessMost studies appoint that overall ethnic minorities tend to do less well than other members of the world when it comes to educational achievement. The government sponsored Swann state found that Asians did almost as well as Whites however non as well, one Asian group in particular the Bangladeshis did particularly badly and West Indians preformed considerably worse than Whites. many an(prenominal) factors which occur inside the school ar the capture of educational achievement however other factors ease up.The expectations of teachers on ethnic minorities score ca social occasiond differences in educational achievement. Bernard Coard believes that teachers expect obscure children to fail therefore labelling the child as a failure. Interactionalists argon concerned with how teachers pidgeonhole students this is the labelling theory, this is where the teacher makes a sentiment of the child based on the childs appearance, behaviour, previous family members and relationships with other students.However most labels ar based on stereotypes rather than evidence, the reality is that once a label starts it is difficult to get absolve of and this clear cause problems for a students educational achievement. Teachers go forth discuss the students label in the staff room and other teachers get out attach the same label to the child and this fanny bear to the child not being allowed to attend school trips. If a student is label as a failure by a teacher then the teacher is likely to put the student into a lower tier exam thusly the pupil flowerpot only achieve a supreme of a grade C and cant achieve to the best of their ability.When a student is labelled as a failure the student can unhorse to believe that the label is true and begin to make it part of their part of their identity, become a failure this is known as the self-fulfilling prophecy thus creating ethnic differences in educational achievement within t he school system. David Hardgreves argues that anti school sub cultures can be formed as a result of negative labelling. However Maureen Stone and Swann both argue that those who be labelled whitethorn not accept their labels. Institutional Racism within schools can deal to educational achievement and the differences it causes within ethnic minorities.The Swann report found that a small modus operandi of teachers are consciously racist however there are a great deal of teachers who are unintentionally racist. Bernard Coard posits that the British educational system makes children become educationally subnormal he states that West Indian children are told that their language is second rate and unaccept open he states that within the British educational system the record book White is associated with good and the word Black with evil. Coard also states that the attitudes portrayed in the yrroom are reenforce by the pupils outside of the classroom.Many sociologists would also argue that the mispronunciation of students names and not acquisition them can be classed as racialism within the school system. Cecile Wright found that majority of staff are committed to ideals of equality but despite these ideals there are still considerable amounts of discrimination in the classroom. Asian children were often excluded from discussions and teachers expressed an open disapproval of their customs and traditions, these comments from teachers made Asian children feel to a greater extent isolated from other pupils.Martin Hammersley found that racist comments in the staffroom did not lead to racism in the classroom. J. Taylor found that most teachers are concerned to have a fair policy towards the treatment of black pupils. macintosh an Ghaill studied 25 afro Caribbean and Asian students studying A levels. He found that although they disagreed over the extent of racism within education, this did not directly determine their attitude to education and their levels of academic success. The agency that students responded to schooling alter and this was influenced by their ethnic group.This could eventually lead to the formation of anti-school sub cultures. These are pupils who have jilted some or all of the values and rules set down in the school ethos. Peter timberland identified 8 different groups ranging from Ingratiation total conformity to Rebellion outright rejection of school rules and values. This can cause ethnic differences in educational achievement within the school system. The Ethocentric curriculum can cause ethnic differences in educational achievement this is the school being biased towards one particular culture.Many sociologists argue that the curriculum is geared towards white affection class students. The curriculum is set in placement for white middle class students and this means that ethnic minorities will not understand the curriculum and will fall behind and not do well thus leading to educational underachievement. Pa rents from ethnic minorities may not be able to afford or have the right experience to make an apprised choice on the best school to suit their childrens needs whereas middle class parents have the money and correct experience to make an informed decision on the best school for their child.Ethnic differences in educational achievement are the result of school factors however other factors have significance. natural Deprivation is the effect poverty has on educational achievement. Poorer parents from ethnic minorities may not be able to provide their children with the educational toys needed such as computers. Cramped housing means less home to study. High rate of illness can lead to missing days of school. Children from poorer backgrounds may need to contribute to the financial running of the home thus getting part time jobs which will affect their studies and will leave school at the early opportunity to start work.Harker states that overcrowding causes a negative effect on edu cational achievement which can cause differences in ethnic minorities which can cause bullying and truancy. heathenish Deprivation is the term used to describe serious inadequacies in the socialisation process and its effects on educational achievement. Poor parenting means children underachieving in education. Many sociologists argue that ethnic minorities tend to be more fatalistic meaning that parents tend to have low aspirations and expectations for their child meaning less emphasis is pose on doing well in education.Whereas White middle classes would have high aspirations and high expectations. Socialisation focuses on the values, expectations and norms transmitted from parents to children. Children from Ethnic tend to focus on immediate gratification where they try to reep their rewards at the earliest opportunity such as leaving school at 16 to earn money. Whereas White middle class children aim for a bright future described as deferred gratification which is putting asid e short term rewards to gain better rewards in the future.Cultural Deprivation can affect the way parents prepare their children for school. Working class children would sit and watch T. V. whereas middle class parents would take their children to museums. Driver and Ballard state that high achievement in Asian groups may be linked to the fact that they live in close knit families that can help each other. Price highlighted a high rate of angiotensin converting enzyme parent families in black Caribbean communities which may explain high underachievement. Linguistic Deprivation is the ability to use appropriate language which is an important factor in educational success.Bernstein came up with two codes of language dependent and Elaborate codes. The Restricted code is used in casual situations. This is limited vocabulary and Simplistic grammar which can only be understood if you are aware of this topic. The Elaborate code is used in globe situations. This is sophisticated grammar and vocabulary and can be understood if aware of the topic. Bernstein found that White middle class children had the ability to switch between the two codes whereas children from ethnic minorities were limited to using the restricted code.This means they are severely disadvantaged in education where the language is all formal. In conclusion, it is probable that a number of factors work together in producing the lower levels of achievement found in some ethnic groups. The Swann report concluded that racial discrimination inside and outside school along with social deprivation were belike the main factors. Others would add that cultural factors also play some part in explaining the differences.

Project Proposal Essay Example for Free

Project Proposal Es assureIntroductionhuman immunodeficiency virus/ aid is a disease which has been rife among many mickle particularly in poor developing countries sub-Saharan Africa is part. human immunodeficiency virus stands for human immuno wishing virus which causes aids. This disease leads to lowering of persons immunity to other diseases (Chambers,D.E Wedel, K.R (2005). With the lowered immunity the automobile trunk becomes vulnerable to attacks by opportunistic infections.HIV/AIDS has been termed by many as a junky of the present day because the devastating effects it has had on the population. It has caused the deaths of many reliable young men and women who were the prickle bone of the economy. It has rendered many people orphans widows and widowers leaving them with no one to provide for their daily bread. It is for this reason on that point fore hat urgent measure s should be put in place to gibe the spread of the disease.This regard is intended to bring down the prevalence rates by introducing key measures. These ar creation of friendship aw arness, supply of free ARVs, supply of free protective devices such as condoms. another(prenominal) way is lessening of stigma through voluntary counseling and testing.Thesis statementThe spread of HIV aids which has remained a problem for a long time can be curbed.This can be achieved only if approaches proposed in this pop proposal are followed and implemented to the letter.AnalysisThe causes and consequences of HIV/AIDS overhear been widely discussed and as such much attention should be directed towards reduction of the spread.There are many ideologies that pull in been advanced to support the source or cause of HIV/ AIDS. Some people pretend argued that aids is caused by witch craft while others argue that it is not real and yet others say it is a punishment to man kind for s lodgeing against God. How ever, none of these ideologies should be taken seriously because AIDS is real and it is echtly a viral disease (www.med basis.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3769 4).By actual analysis it has been established that the project on reduction of the spread of HIV/AIDS is likely to clear the entire population. This is through increased economic growth as result of a reduction of deaths among the works population. Also through reduction of spread of aids there go away be reduction on human suffering in general.It is overly argued that reduction in spread of this disease its likely to conflict banishly on manufacturers of ARVS and other drugs that treat the disease. Not with standing this is can concluded that there no absolute gainers and losers in the fight against the spread of this disease.Policy elementsMission To gain a remarkable reduction in the levels of HIV/AIDS prevalence among the population and thus an improvement in life.GoalsImproving alive standardsCreating awareness somewhat the realityObjectives Creating employment opportunitiesTo achieve f ree supply of ARVS to the less fortunate in the societyEducating the community on the causes of the diseaseSensitizing the community on safe sex practicesBenefits and functionThe project on reduction of spread of HIV/AIDS is seen to have great visible benefits to the targeted population. These benefits depart range from information and education on the cause of HIV/AIDS and how it can be prevented. The project is intended to provide free ARVs to those already touch b the scourge. Other benefits and run expected from the project include free guidance and counseling to both positive and negative people in terms of status. This is seen to along way in reducing if not eliminating stigma which has been long associated with this disease. There go out also be home care for the bed ridded victims of this disease. This is likely to give hope to those others already affected by this disease both directly or in directly.EligibilityThere are two categories of people who go out be eligible to participate for benefit from this project. There those already infected by the disease and negative people who are wiling t actively participate in spreading the gospel of fighting HIV/AIDS. The two categories are to be identify by voluntary testing and call for volunteers among the population. Once identified the categories will be listed and actively engaged in order to discover the full benefits of the program.Service tar To begin with as way of ensuring that suffice deli rattling is executed well, there will be a code of ethics that is to be observed by employees. An example of this a abiding by the confidentially rule which states that those dealing with clients or sick should not divulge their HIV status they are beneath duty to so. Another way to ensure proper service delivery is by acting quick to distress call e.g. a call from a sick in need of help say counseling. Showing empathy to those affected by the scourge is another way to win public trust. Through this the services delivered through the project will be perceived good and important by the community. Finally by taking complaints and respect and acting on them appropriately will prove vital to good service delivery. enigma to be addressedThe spread of HIV/AIDS has been a major problem modify many countries especially in sub Saharan Africa. This proposal is aimed at tackling this key problem i.e. which has remained a nightmare to many i.e. spread of HIV/AIDSThe spread of this disease has not been arrested as a result of failure to implement policies which have been formulated. The policies aimed at curbing the spread of HIV/AIDS has failed to conform to because the government has half heartedly opted to implement the policies.EvaluationAt the end of every yr assessment should be undertaken to evaluate if there has been any program in eradication of spread of HIV/AIDS in areas under coverage.Some of the activities for the indication of success in the program will entail1.Carrying out enquiry in the areas in the current prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS spreads prevailing data from hospitals and VCT mall through questioners and interviews to get feedback from the community about their taking of the activities of the program and its organization. Gain from the project and both compliments and complaints against the programs activity which will be used for appraisal of the program.There should be noted overall intensify in moral standards of the community. Prostitution, adultery and rape cases should have reduced in high rates from the neighborly educational activities such as communal work, participation in the program and seminars in HIV/AIDS awareness campaign activities which should be undertaken in all cities and towns.Our supplies for products such as condoms dispensers and educational materials should be zip out of stock and replenishing done more often. So tenders will eventually be often offered and varied. wad should be freely attending aids testing and be ready to freely talk about the fortuity without fear of stigmatization.Those infected should be able to undertake or carry on their familiar life and remain productive. Family should have made it a norm to have HIV/AIDS and gender discussions at home.TimelineThe program is to be undertaken in phases with each phase taking a 3 year period starting from phase1, through phase2 to phase4.In phase1, the main concern would be accruing professional and subordinate ply who shall be responsible for the polity formulated, implemented and evaluation of the program. Also the conduct with community all have to start to ensure the awareness of the community of the presence and the fullness of the program The other hand execution will have to be posted as media stations to give the program a wider learning ability and presence.In phase2, the program the program will hit the road aggressive campaign now that the cater are ready morally and aware of the requirements and targets. In this phas e activities still carried a phase1 will have to keep abreast with the developments in the stage. At this point the participation in the community work will have hit the road, as it is very delicious with main challenge viewing changing community participation of the HIV/aids disaster.At the last phase will entail consolidating the gains and improving on the inadequacies of the programme with an aim to have holistic transaction of the programme. So those activities which are not producing required results will be done away with and instead concentrate most of the resources on those policies that have high result.Problem to be addressedThe problem is that with all the material and human resource which have already been used, very little or no considerable gain has been achieved in the current fight against the spread of the disaster in majority of the countries especially the sub-Saharan countries in Africa.The statistics have shown very little reduction inn the spread of the disas ter and infact it is has actually except been reduced to an arithmetic growth rate which is not acceptable given the size of the resources used in the curbing of the menace. The situation is even made worse by the fact that, the cure is yet to be discovered.The program world therefore ensures the spread of the disaster is controlled and that those affected are well cared for and the people perception of the disaster changes and that people give up the fight just because a cure is not currently on shelves.The most important thing should be achievement in ensuring that the working population is not depleted and the professionals still remain to carry on the research and above all keep mankind from extinction.ReferencesChambers,D.E Wedel, K.R (2005). Social Policy and social programs for the practical public policy analyst, 9th editionDefinition of HIV/ AIDS available atwww.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3769 4, accessed on work on 21, 2008Definition of HIV/ AIDS avail able atwww.answers.com/topic/hiv 277k accessed on March 21, 2008

Hate It or Love It Essay Example for Free

nauseate It or Love It Essay

Central Locking System Essay Example for Free

Central Locking System EssayPower door lock a ways ( similarly known as galvanic door locks or central locking) on the wholeow the make out one wood or front passenger to simultaneously lock or open up all the doors of an automobile or truck, by pressing a button or flipping a switch. Power door locks were introduced on the luxury Scripps-Booth in 1914, but were not common on luxury railcars until Packard reintroduced them in 1956. Nearly every car model today offers this stimulate as at least optional equipment. Early systems locked and unlocked only the car doors. Many cars today similarly feature systems which can unlock such things as the luggage compartment or fuel filler cap door.It is as well common on modern cars for the locks to activate automatically when the car is put into gear or reaches a certain speed. Remote and handsfree In 1980, Ford Motor Company introduced an external seepad-type keyless entry system, wherein the bowel movementr entered a numeric combination either pre-programmed at the factory or one programmed by the owner to unlock the car without the key. Early- to mid-1980s Nissan Maximas could also be installed with a keypad, which would also retract the windows and moonroof once the car was successfully unlocked by pushing a specific button on the keypad.During the 1990s the Subaru Legacy could also be opened by pulling the drivers external door handle a specific number of times to enter a passcode number that would unlock the drivers door only. Today, many cars with creator door locks also devote a radio frequency remote keyless system, which allows a person to press a button on a remote control key fob, the first being available on the French made Renault Fuego in 1982. 1 Currently, many luxury makers also allow the windows to be opened or closed by pressing and holding a button on the remote control key fob, or by inserting the ignition key and holding it in the lock or unlock osition in the external drivers doo r lock.The remote locking system confirms successful locking and unlocking through either a light or a horn direct, and usually offers an option to switch easily between these dickens variants. Both provide almost the same functionality, though light signals are more discreet while horn signals might create a nuisance in residential neighborhoods and other busy position areas (e. g. short-term parking lots). Some manufacturers offer the ability to adjust the horn signal volume.Other cars have a proximity system that is triggered if a keylike transducer (Advanced Key or handsfree) is within a certain keep of the car. How Stuff Works Between the keypads, keyless entry systems and conventional locks, some cars today have quaternity or five assorted ways to unlock the doors. How do cars keep track of all those different methods, and what exactly happens when the doors unlock? The mechanism that unlocks your car doors is actually quite interesting. It has to be very reliable becau se it is qualifying to unlock your doors tens of thousands of times over the life of your car.In this edition of HowStuffWorks, well learn just whats internal your door that makes it unlock. Well develop apart the actuator that does the work, and then well learn how the lock can be forced open. But first, lets see how the car keeps all its signals straight. Locking and Unlocking Here are some of the ways that you can unlock cardoors With a key By pressing the unlock button inside the car By using the combination lock on the extraneous of the door By pulling up the pommel on the inside of the door With a keyless-entry remote control By a signal from a control centerIn some cars that have power door locks, the lock/unlock switch actually sends power to the actuators that unlock the door. But in more complicated systems that have several(prenominal) ways to lock and unlock the doors, the body controller decides when to do the unlocking. The body controller is a computing de vice in your car. It takes care of a lot of the little things that make your car friendlier for instance, it makes sure the interior lights stomach on until you start the car, and it beeps at you if you leave your headlights on or leave the keys in the ignition.In the eluding of power door locks, the body controller monitors all of the possible sources of an unlock or lock signal. It monitors a door-mounted touchpad and unlocks the doors when the correct code is entered. It monitors a radio frequency and unlocks the doors when it receives the correct digital code from the radio sender in your key fob, and also monitors the switches inside the car. When it receives a signal from any of these sources, it provides power to the actuator that unlocks or locks the doors. Now, lets take a look inside an actual car door and see how everything is hooked up.Inside a Car Door In this car, the power-door-lock actuator is positioned below the latch. A rod connects the actuator to the latch, a nd another rod connects the latch to the knob that sticks up out of the top of the door. When the actuator moves the latch up, it connects the outside door handle to the opening mechanism. When the latch is down, the outside door handle is disconnected from the mechanism so that it cannot be opened. To unlock the door, the body controller supplies power to the door-lock actuator for a timed interval. Lets take a look inside the actuator.Inside the Actuator The power-door-lock actuator is a pretty straight device. pic Inside the power-door-lock actuator This system is quite simple. A smallelectric labor turns a series of spur gears that serve as a gear reduction. The last gear drives a rack-and-pinion gearset that is connected to the actuator rod. The rack converts therotational motion of the tug into the elongate motion needed to move the lock. One interesting thing about this mechanism is that while the motor can turn the gears and move the latch, if you move the latch it will n ot turn the motor.This is accomplished by a neatcentrifugal clutch that is connected to the gear and engaged by the motor. pic Centrifugal clutch on the drive gear When the motor spins the gear, the clutch swings out and locks the small surface gear to the larger plastic gear, allowing the motor to drive the door latch. If you move the door latch yourself, all of the gears will turn except for the plastic gear with the clutch on it. Forcing the Lock If you have ever locked yourself out of your car and called the police or AAA to help you get back in, you know that the tool used is a thin metal elusion with a flat hook on it.From this article you can now see how this strip works. A simple vertical motion from either the knob on the door or the power-lock actuator is all thats needed to turn the lock and open the door. What the officer is doing with the metal strip is fishing around until he or she hooks onto the foreland that the knob and actuator connect to. A quick pull on this point and the door is unlocked For more information on power door locks and related topics, see the golf links on the next page.

How did WWII change America and the World Essay Example for Free

How did WWII change America and the foundation EssayThe origination contend II remains the bloodiest and deadliest crisis in globe history. It involved the best ever battle lines, enormous fortify forces, along with the most devastating weapons in the history of the world (Martel 245). The worldwide disagreement that was regarded as or label guide World fight II emanated from the 1930s great depression, a turmoil that undermined, destabilized and weakened economies, governments and nations around the world.For instance, in Germany, the rise of Hitler occurred partly because he solelyeged to be capable of transforming a destabilized Germany by then to an autonomous economic and multitude power that could secure its destiny not only in Europe, but in the entire world as come up (Martel 240). This paper therefore explores how this global conflict (WWII) changed America and the entire world. For the US, World War II constituted the most significant fiscal event of the 20 th century (Higgs 53). The contends consequences on the United States were diverse and far-reaching.It indomitably ended the great depression, and the US federal government came out from the war as a possible economic actor, capable of regulating fiscal activity and to partly control the world economy via spending and consumption. Whats more, the wartime economic explosion spurred and promoted a number of social trends. first off was the job creation that paralleled the growth of industrial production, in so doing, attained what Roosevelts New upsurge programs had been incapable to achieve (Rindfuss, Morgan Swicegood 86).According to Higgs (58), in 1940, there were more than eight million unemployed Americans. However, by 1941, unemployment became a thing of the past. There were in fact labour shortages in numerous industries. Consequently, federal inspectors did send away laws deterring employment of women and children (Martel 250). With little or no public outcry, several hig h school dropouts escalated substantially. Also, several women were take up in the workforce to assist make implements and munitions of war.These women were later nicknamed Rosie the Riveter and were pivotal part of the US triumph in war (Martel 251). Additionally, the WWII revitalized American industries, and a lot of sectors were by the end of the war (1945) all brusquely oriented to defence production (for instance, electronics and aerospace) or entirely dependent on nuclear muscularity (Rindfuss, Morgan Swicegood 82). The organised labour unions were as well strengthened far beyond the depression period and became a key counter-balance to some(prenominal) private and government industry.Given the fact that novel employment took place in unionized workplaces, plus industries funded by the American government, the continuance of membership decision during World War II was a magnificent advantage for organized labour (Rindfuss, Morgan Swicegood 84). As a result, organized la bour increase from ten million in 1941 to approximately fifteen million by 1945. Also, about thirty cardinal percent of the work-force in non-agricultural sector was unionized, recording the highest percentage ever in American history.Similarly, the wars speedy technological and scientific changes continue and deepened trends commenced during the great depression and shaped lasting anticipation of continued novelty on the part of several engineers, citizens and government officials. Besides, the significant increases in individual income as well as quality of life throughout the war resulted in a number of Americans foreseeing permanent improvements to their textile needs (Rindfuss, Morgan Swicegood 85). That said, the World War II brought to an end the godless Nazi regime plus their mutilate machine.It as well wrecked Japans control over Pacific, thereby ushering in the atomic age (Martel 255). Europe that had been under authoritarian Nazi boot became under the Communist boot. Besides, the war led to medicine improvements in the world, particularly in the use of antibiotics. New-fangled forms of occupational and physical therapy to assist returning veterans and hurt soldiers were as well invented and used. Whats more, the work of individuals, much(prenominal) as von Braun in the Second World War greatly transformed world technology, especially rocket technology, which became a major focus during heatless War (Neufeld 164).The dramatic transformations in military technology resulted in changes to operational and tactical skills. Stanovov (1) asserted that all contemporary warfare grew from the concepts which first came from 1939-1945. The actions of pooled units, close relations of dissimilar armed services, the greatly escalated significance of radio-electronic warfare, strategical bombings, psychological and mass information warfare, to mention just some factors.The World War II became in fact total in psychological, technical and informational sense s, radically transforming the prerequisites to logistical support. Moreover, it spectacularly changed the balance between downcast and braggart(a) economies in the world platform. Whilst previously the disparity between the armed forces of a small and large country was largely quantitative, with WW2 it became qualitative, as a few nations in the world could manage to create fully-fledged nuclear-era armed forces (Stanovov 1).Finally, every great conflict, especially concerning great allies and axis, brings something unique to the art of warfare. But Second World War was outstanding in that respect. The changes in the hardware, equipment, structure and the way military forces were utilized were unique both in their significance and scope. Even WWI that first witnessed major use of war tanks, submarines and planes had never brought to fore such massive change to the world.

Case Study on Hr Planning Essay Example for Free

Case Study on Hr Planning EssayIt is the soils best recognised energy brand. Centrica is a multinational family, with production linees in many countries. Centrica was formed in 1997 and consists of eight separate energy-related businesses, ranging from the supply of splash and electricity to consumers and organisations in the UK and Europe, to storage of bollocks up for other providers, and bolt and pipe work bread and furtherter. The UK energy market is highly self-propelled. Customers look for the best deals and are increasingly hustling to switch suppliers.In 2007, 900,000 nodes switched energy providers. An energy company desires to lay down it is non just emulous on price, but that it flock likewise provide the right levels of customer service to attract and stay fresh customers. British fuck up does not only supply gas but also deals with the installation and maintenance of domestic central heating and appliances. It provides a maintenance and breakdow n service for electrical white goodnesss and denture wiring. Through the Dyno brand, British waste also offers drain clearing services, plumbing and home security services. To fork over these services, British fumble needs high calibre provide.It employs to a greater extent(prenominal) than 9,000 trained gas engineers to install and manage central heating and gas appliances. This case study explores how British artillery manages the recruitment and selection of recent employees. rogue 2The role of human resource management Managing a successful large business involves acquiring, developing and accommodateing a wide telescope of resources. These resources include materials, buildings, land, equipment, technology and, crucially, muckle. Any organisation needs good employees who come the right skills to achieve the companys aims and objectives.Human resource management (HRM) is the business serve up that focuses on the people aspects of an organisation. It check intos th e efficient management of people in the business. It is responsible for ensuring that an organisation has the right people to mouth its overall business plan. Meeting customer needs Centrica, the parent corporation of British hired gun, has to deliver long term profitability. Its shareholders expect the business to show a return on their investment by making profits, now and in the incoming. British accelerator pedal needs to contribute to these profits.This means consistently clash the needs of its customers with combatively priced products and services that give good returns to the company. Residential consumers across the country are the burden customer base of British liquid. These customers expect top-class service at keen prices. If British Gas does not meet this standard, the company may lose business to competitors. To ensure customer satisfaction, British Gas engineers must(prenominal) deliver the expert skills to undertake work to the required standard and the p eople skills to deliver good customer service.Through its engineer recruitment team, the British Gas Academy must therefore ensure that the company attracts and retains the best engineers. This involves several complementary tasks. It requires planning to assess the future needs for skilled employees at British Gas. It requires a recruitment and selection programme to bring new people into the business. It requires a teaching surgical procedure to equip new recruits and existing employees with the right skills. Retaining people Importantly, British Gas must also ensure that it retains its best people.It is much more cost effective to retain trained and highly skilled stave than recruit and train up new people. British Gas seeks to retain people by pass a mix of financial and non-financial benefits. As well as good pay and a pension off scheme, the company provides employees with the opportunity to buy shares in Centrica and it offers a great place to work and high-class genteeln ess. rogue 3Training As an expanding business, British Gas needed to increase its workforce to meet customer demand. At the end of 2002, British Gas established the British Gas Academy.The Academy has helped to develop and refocus training facilities to handle the extra training requirement in recruiting an additional 5,000 employees into the engineer workforce. * British Gas runs an intensive apprenticeship programme. This is delivered in training centres. Trainees should expect to qualify by year five. All domestic gas engineers become fully acquainted with the latest computer-aided diagnostic technology.There are also traineeships, which provide a way for new recruits to learn about the gas industry and gain relevant skills and qualifications. British Gas provides technical training for all its engineers by means ofout their careers. This ensures that its employees are kept up-to-date with new information and technologies to modify them to provide the best service possible. T raining does not simply focus on technical skills and knowledge. near employees claim direct contact with customers, so it is important that they have good people skills. Awareness training is provided for employees across British Gas with an online learning package.Another programme is improving staffs cultural awareness, particularly to support the growing international operations at British Gas. Page 4Workforce planning Workforce planning is the process of assessing a companys current and future labour needs. The British Gas Academies must consider not just overall employee numbers but also the skills that will be required in spite of appearance the business. Workforce planning also involves managing any training and recruitment process to ensure the organisation has the right staff in place.Managers at British Gas conduct a programme of forecasting to predict how much the UK market for domestic gas technology services will grow. This helps the company decide how many additi onal engineers it will need in the future. British Gas makes detailed forecasts of its demand for engine room personnel for one year in advance and makes more general estimates for a further two years into the future. Factors affecting workforce planning At British Gas, workforce requirements are driven by two different demands. First, there are contract customers that have service agreements with the company.Second, there are customers who call for one-off assistance if they have a specific problem. Demand for both these services has grown. In the last three or four years, the need for engineers has expanded accordingly. This has meant that it has had to recruit more staff. There are several other factors that influence workforce planning for British Gas. Engineering skills need to be constantly updated. Health and safety issues are also critically important in the gas industry. Health and safety regulations are changing all the time and EU regulations must also be considered.Apar t from regular formal training to close skills gaps to ensure engineers stay up to date with technical matters, British Gas can alert engineers about technical changes via field radio or textbook messaging. Engineers can work all their careers in the field until they retire. Qualified engineers may spend up to 10 years gaining their skills, qualifications and experience. They have valued practical skills that are needed to deal with equipment and customers. However, British Gas also needs suitable people for promotion to higher roles, such as management jobs.It needs managers to plan, fix and co-ordinate the teams of engineers. It therefore needs to attract and recruit a wide range of people into the organisation. Page 5Recruitment As part of its workforce planning, British Gas implements a diversity and cellular inclusion strategy using tailored action plans. This means it actively seeks new recruits from a wide range of backgrounds. The need to recruit a diverse engineering work force is seen as critical by British Gas. It plans recruitment to ensure it has a socially inclusive workforce. This is important as it will enable British Gas to reflect the diversity of its customer base.For example, it is useful to have employees from different nationalities and backgrounds to communicate with customers that do not speak English as a first language. Recruiting more women engineers may help to attract female person customers. British Gas has win a national award from the Council for Registered Gas Installers (CORGI) for its efforts to encourage and attract women into the engineering workforce and into plumbing and associated trades. To dispel the myth that only men can be good engineers, British Gas runs a Georgina and the Dragon campaign for children.What British Gas recruitment programmeshave achievedis demonstrated by various awards during 2009 * British Gaswon awards from the Local Employment Partnership in the East Midlands. The awards for Unlocking talents and theOutstanding LEP Achievement Awardrecognisethe companys recruitment work with the LEP and Jobcentre Plus in the region. * British Gas has been named in the 2009Sunday Timess 20 Best Big Companies to Work For. * The British Gas Academy won an award from Women into Science and Engineering (WISE).The award Investor in WISE rewarded the efforts British Gas makesto promote science,engineering and constructionto girls and young women. Advertising British Gas tries to appeal to a varied and diverse auditory modality when promoting its apprenticeships. To advertise opportunities widely, British Gas uses specialist Sky channels like Parliamentary Projects TV, which focuses on careers, and ire TV, which is aimed at the black community. In print media, it uses womens magazines, publications targeted at ethnic minorities such as The Muslim weekly as well as other careers directories for the same reason.Other channels include radio, newspapers,British Gas website(www. britishgasacademy . co. uk) and a DVD for schools. Recruiting gas engineers of the right level is important. Candidates for a British Gas apprenticeship must be at least 16 years old, and have a minimum of four GCSEs at distinguish C or above or equivalent (e. g. NVQs). However, they need more than academic qualifications, they must be able to show some aptitude for customer service, such as being able to comprehend to customers and understand their requirements. ApplicationBritish Gas uses an online application form. To help British Gas decide an applicants suitability, this includes a value-based questionnaire. This requires responses to a series of statements about attitudes to work. There are 90 statements in all, and an applicants overall responses are rated green, yellow-brown or red. The colour reflects the attitudes the applicant has about work and people. This helps to show which roles a person is best suited to. British Gas does not take applicants with red ratings further as they may n ot show a fit with the company requirements.However after an initial screening, green and amber applicants are invited to an wonder and assessment centre for the final selection process. Here, candidates must show evidence of qualifications, ID and driving licence. Page 6Selection At the British Gas assessment centre the emphasis is very much upon affection competencies and life skills. Life skills are personal skills that are likely to affect the customer experience when soul is working in the field. British Gas engineers needs to show courtesy and politeness, for example.These are personal qualities that have a direct impact upon customer perception. Core competencies involve team working, interpersonal skills (such as transaction with people), motivation and responding to change. These are crucial skills that can affect the way an individual fits in and works within an organisation. Candidates attend the centre for a half-day assessment. This has three elements. The total scor es from the three-part assessment help British Gas to decide who detects a job offer. Candidates are notified of the outcome within 14 days. All candidates can receive feedback.For those candidates offered a job, British Gas provides the usual job benefits including a van from the outset and a competitive starting salary. The new recruits then go on to benefit from the comprehensive programme of training through its Academy. This ensures that they are given the best start in their new careers. It also builds employee motivation and commitment to the company. Recruiting and selecting staff is an expensive process. By following a robust selection programme in this way, British Gas is able to ensure it gets the right people with the right skills.It also means it maximises the benefit from its investment. Page 7Conclusion Recruitment and selection at British Gas is driven by the need to maintain the competitive position of the company within the energy market. Domestic gas customers de mand the very highest standards of service. They can be assured that British Gas engineers have high-level skills and expertise through its careful spec of entry qualifications followed by top quality training. British Gas also assesses the personal attributes of staff through role play and questionnaires as these influence customers perceptions of the service and the company.Great care is taken in ascertain the organisations future staffing needs. This drives the recruitment and selection process to ensure British Gas is seen as offering dynamic and exciting career paths for people of all backgrounds. By developing and nurturing its people, British Gas ensures that new recruits have the right qualities to help the business to compete.

The Person-Centred Therapy Essay Example for Free

The Person-Centred Therapy assayFor the purpose of this essay, I will be attempting to show an understanding of hypnosis, and describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis. I will also be discussing the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy. I will be use breeding learned from my course hand outs, and from the year one book list.Hypnosis has been used by distinct cultures and religions around the globe for thousands of years, including the Australian Aborigines, North Ameri kindle Indians, the Hindu culture, the Chinese and even further spinal column to the ancient Egyptians. In much red-brick times, hypnotism has been used as a stochastic variable of entertainment, watched by live show audiences, and later on, TV shows, creating curiosity and fascination for galore(postnominal). It is this lighter atomic number 18a of hypnosis which has possibly contri anded to the marking which can surround hypnosis and hypnotherapy. The condition hypnosis derives from t he Greek word Hypnos, which means sleep, the words hypnosis and hypnotism derive from the term neuro-hypnotism which means (nervous sleep). It is known that the Aborigines used a form of hypnosis to achieve their Dream Time, (altered state of intellect and out of body experiences) which is still practiced to this day.The Chinese use a spellbinding standardised beguile called Oigong (exorcise of vital energy) within their healing system. It is estimated that approximately five per cent of the population of China practice this graphic symbol of hypnosis, making this the most common type of hypnosis practiced in the world. However, although practitioners of , Oigong believe it increases mental and physical energy, around Chinese mental health officials believe there to be some harmful side effects, and would like to realize the practice banned. Given the huge diverse applications for which hypnosis is used, for example, religious practices, healing, and physical and mental ener gizing, it is clear to see that hypnosis within entertainment, the stage hypnotist has but a small role to play within a vast and complex discipline. Hypnosis is a special psychological state with certain physiological attributes,resembling sleep notwithstanding superficially and marked by a run of the soulfulness at a level of sensory faculty other than the ordinary conscious state, not asleep, yet not awake. There are opposite theories suggesting that hypnosis is a mental state and another that hypnosis is linked to imaginative role-enactment.People under hypnosis are believed to make a heigh hug druged sense of focus and concentration, enabling them to concentrate intensely on a thought or a memory. It is at this point of focus and concentration when the soul is able to change their thought process through suggestion. The level of concentration allows the person to block out all exterior noises, distractions and other thoughts. Hypnosis is achieved by using a hypnotist, us ing a procedure known as hypnotic induction.Hypnosis can also be self-induced, which can be achieved by self-suggestion or auto-suggestion Hypnotic induction uses a series of suggestions and instructions, which takes the person through a process of Progressive Muscle Relaxation or PMR. PMR should be delivered using a untold slower than normal public speaking speed. By slowing down the speaking speed, the recipient will spirit more relaxed, and will be able to enjoy the process. There are four main types of brain wave, which jumper lead to differing stages of relaxation. 1/Beta Waves, (15 to 40 cycles per second)This is considered to be the normal functioning level, during conversation. 2/Alpha Waves, (9 to 14 cycles per second)This is a slower rate than the beta, and would be undergo go restful after an activity, and is considered to be a state of creativity and relaxation. 3/Theta Waves, (4 to 8 cycles per second)These are experienced during thoughtful states and dreaming, a nd would be considered to be associated with calmness and serenity. 4/Delta Waves, (1 to 4 cycles per second)This is considered to be the slowest rate and would be experienced in our deepest subconscious. This would be experienced while in a detached state of awareness or sleep or while under very deep hypnosis. Franz Anton Mesmer (from which the term mesmerise was derived) was born in Germany in 1734, and was the Grandfather of Hypnosis. Although Mesmer studied law and medicine, he had a passion and a belief in alternative therapies and medicine. After alifetime of investigation and work, Mesmer died in 1815 further he left a legacy of intrigue and an army of followers and believers. One of these being the Marquis de Puysegur. De Puysegur joined a conclave called The Society of Universal Harmony originally run by Mesmer. After a succession of patients, De Puygesur pitch that the patients, while seemingly asleep, were able to talk and answer questions, while in the hypnotic state .De Puygesur believed that hypnosis was the result of a psychological force rather than a physical one, which was argued, debated but then judge by followers. Dr mob Braid from Manchester gave light to the term hypnosis. Braid was originally against mesmerising, but eventually gained an interest, and began his own study. Braid reason out that any cures were as a result of suggestion through hypnosis. Braid continued his study and true a technique called eye fixation. The state which eye fixation resulted in was Braids idea of hypnosis. Dr outhouse Elliotson was the first person to demonstrate the use of hypnosis during surgery. Elliotson cured a dumb epileptic patient if forward of an audience of medics. Elliotson also used hypnosis in surgical procedures, except died in 1868 after oftentimes controversy. Sigmund Freud went on to support the idea of hypnosis, and would often give talks to the aesculapian fraternity. Although Freud was not considered to be a keen hypnotist, he continued to use hypnosis in his work, but by the mid 1890s Freud had all but given up on hypnosis. Modern hypnosis began with the birth of Milton Erickson (1901), who pioneered his work in indirect suggestion.Erickson is considered by many to be the pioneer of modern hypnosis. After suffering with a series of terrible illnesses, Erickson utilise his life to understanding the unconscious mind. Erickson believed that the unconscious mind is always listening and it did not appear to enumerate whether the patient was in a trance or not. Erickson believed that suggestion would use up the desired effect on the mind, as long as it found some resonance at the unconscious level. As tell earlier, stage hypnosis plays a very small role within the field of hypnosis. There is a much spaciouser importance for hypnosis, for example hypnotherapy is now a widely accepted form of alternative treatment, and is accepted as such by professionals in the medical field. There are some conflicting and misidentify perceptions of hypnosis. Many mass believe that the hypnotist simply places a person into a form of hypnotic trance, wherethe person has no control of their own actions and thoughts this however is not necessarily the case. washstand F Kihlstrom (Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania) stated The hypnotist does not hypnotize the individual. Rather, the hypnotist serves as sort of a bus or tutor, whose job it is to help the individual become fascinated. The experience of hypnosis can vary greatly from one individual to another. Some people under the influence of hypnosis report a feeling of fallback and extreme relaxation.Others state that their actions occur outside of their conscious state of mind, and others may be able to feel conscious, and are able to hold a conversation while under hypnosis. There have been many try outs undertaken using people under hypnosis, which have given credence to the subject. In one such experiment by Ernest Hilgard, (American psycho logist and professor (1904 to 2001) famous for his research on hypnosis, particularly within the field of pain control) an individual under hypnosis was instructed not to feel any pain in their arm. The individuals arm was then placed into iced water, while the individuals who were not under hypnosis had to remove their weapons system from the water within seconds, the hypnotized individuals were able to leave their arms in the iced water for several minutes without feeling any pain. There are many examples where, illnesses and medical conditions, both physical and emotional, have been cured or greatly reduced in severity, for example rheumatic Arthritis, dementia, ADHD, pain relief during surgical procedures, and pain during child birth.There are known situations where individuals have undergone study surgical procedures, without any form of anaesthetic, and have experienced no pain or discomfort, such is the provide of hypnosis. There is a common belief that some people simply cannot be hypnotised, however much research shows that many more people are hypnotizable than they believe. In studies and surveys, it has been shown that as little as ten per cent of all adults are considered either difficult or im executable to hypnotise. It also shows that children are more susceptible to hypnosis, and that people who are seen to be fantasists are also more responsive to hypnosis. To be successfully hypnotized, it is very important to enter with an open and clear mind, and to view hypnosis as a positive experience. In modern society, hypnosis is used very commonly as an alternative aid within areas such as weight loss, the cessation of smoking, drug and alcohol addiction (reduction in use), fears and phobias.People whomay have a fear of flying or of spiders for example, have been known to be completely cured of their fear, allowing them to lead a more fulfilling and less stressful life. There also many myths with hypnosis, the obvious one being that the hypnotiz ed individual does not remember anything of their hypnotic state once they are awake. Amnesia has been known to occur, however this is extremely rare. It is however known that hypnosis can affect an individuals memory. Posthypnotic amnesia can lead to a person forgetting some of the things which occurred during hypnosis, however the effect is quite temporary, and limited in terms of information forgotten.It is also a myth that an individual can be hypnotized against their own will. A person must be willing and happy to participate in order to be hypnotized. This is the same for people who believe they have no control over their own actions while under hypnosis. It is not possible for a hypnotist to force or influence a person into behaving in a trend which goes against their own morals and standards. Hypnosis is able to assist in a person making positive changes, however it is not able to change physical strength or enhance athleticism. Hypnosis should be seen as an surplus and su pportive aid to other forms of medicines and therapies, rather than a stand-alone discipline.Conclusion/summaryHypnosis continues to intrigue and be a cause of debate for professionals and individuals alike, however, what cannot be disputed is its place within entertainment, but more importantly, its relevancy within the medical field and as an alternative therapy. Hypnotherapy is now a widely accepted form of alternative therapy, practised by surgeons, physicians and independent private therapists. Although hypnosis and hypnotherapy are not considered as a fill-in for medical treatments or medications, they are seen as an extremely useful addition and enhancement to these. Hypnosis has proven to be a positive life changing experience for many people, where other methods, and in some cases medicines have failed.It is evidenced that individuals have greatly reduced their weight from life threatening obesity, and have been able to successfully cease using harmful substances such as a lcohol, tobacco and other forms of drugs. The fundamentals of hypnosis and its basic hotshots remain unaltered for hundreds, possibly even thousands ofyears, however research and investigations by many great psychologists, has allowed a much greater understanding of this important and at times vital discipline. From the ancient Egyptians to modern day man/woman, hypnosis continues be an extremely effective alternative, within the field of physical and mental health and emotional wellbeing, and has also allowed a greater understanding of the workings of the human subconscious.BibliographyCourse hand-outs/notes Hypnosis- A design History. Chrysalis Psychotherapeutic Counselling-Year 1-Module 1. 1-1 07/2010 SC. page 6. Hypnosis- A Brief History. Chrysalis Psychotherapeutic Counselling-Year 1-Module 1. 1-1 07/2010 SC. Page 10. Hypnosis- A Brief History. Chrysalis Psychotherapeutic Counselling-Year 1-Module 1. 1-1 07/2010 SC. Page 7.InternetAbout.com. Psychology. What is hypnosis. Psy chology.about.com/od/statesofconsciousness/a/hypnosis.htm?p=1 En.wikepedia.org/wiki/Milton_h._erickson

Information System Essay Example for Free

Information System striveInformation System In Hotel Seri Malaysia Kangar Hotel Seri Malaysia Kangar is currently utilise the knob Centrix transcription. Being the first Hotel Seri Malaysia branch and the before hotel amongst hotels in Malaysia that using and implement the Guest Centrix system in their management. Guest Centrix system has built desegregation with Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, e-mail and many other. It offers a stable and friendly user-interface, improved by the wary use of discolor and graphics. Hotel employees can learnt the system quickly, saving the time and money especially in the staff training. The flow of the customer cycle throughout the Hotel Seri Malaysia Reservation The customers or nodes who decide to stay at Hotel Seri Malaysia can disembowel their backlog or inhabit schedule through hotels website, travel agents such as Agoda or booking.com, or call the hotel itself. If the reservation is accepted, the reservation agent or hotel sta ffs go out create a reservation reputation that joined with Guest Centrix system. This reservation consideration may acknowledge the customers detail and specific request which volition suffice the hotel to provide modified service to the nodes during his or her stay. All the details on guests may help the hotel staffs to complete the pre- allowance activities such as assigning board according to the request from guest, room enjoin to be charged to the guest folio during the stay. The hotel staffs need to make sure that the room is available when the guests arrive at the hotel.ArrivalAfter the guests arrive at the hotel, the presence office pull up stakes responsible for the registration and room assignment process. The take care office need to clarify the query of the guests especially the details of the room rate or packages that had been booked on. Before that, front office need to make sure the guests reservation status before beginning the registration process and checking them in. The guests lead filled in the registration form that contain the full name, identification card numbers, home address, billing instruction, reservation details and others. at once the method of recompense confirmed and been signed by the guests, the registration process is complete. The guest may be given the key card and breakfast coupons during the stays.During The Accommodation PeriodDuring the occupancy, the front office is responsible for managing guest requests and providing the information and supplies to the guests. Also, front office should respond to the guest requests on time in accurate flair and meet the guest expectation of the hotel service. During this period, the security will be main consideration by the hotel. The front office should observe the hotel standard operating procedures in handling the guest key, guest personal property, emergencies that likewise important. The front office will observe the additional charges that need to be adde d into guest account that include the restaurant charges, or telephone bills.DepartureThe last element in guest cycle in hotel is checking out and creating the guests history personality. During this stage, the guests will settle down all the outstanding bills or payment to the front office. After completing all the payment, the guest will return the room key card and direct the hotel.The role of Guest Centrix System in Hotel OperationFront Office Guest Centrix system has alter the front officer in term of reservation, registration, check in and check out of the guests that staying at Hotel Seri Malaysia Kangar. The guests who make room reservation through website or travel agents, Guest Centrix system will create the booking status and set up the reservation status in the hotel database. The hotels website has been designed to interact directly with Guest Centrix database that allows the guests or customers to see the hotel available rooms at certain date and packages offered. After the guests or customers washed-up their booking, the system also offers the payment option such as credit card or online banking and the check mark will be sent by email.During the registration, the front office will indicate the guests booking status before checking in. all the details includes the room or packages that already booked should be available for the guests. The guest can check in to the hotel once the registration process complete. The key card that been given to the guests has united with the hotel information system. The key card system will provide different information on the room occupancy status which is reserved, occupied, or available.For the checking out process, the front office will notified the guests with outstanding payment during the accommodation period. The outstanding payment is automatically been added in the guests account which is called guest folio. The guest can decide on payment method such as credit card, debit card or cash as long as the hotel accepted it. In addition, the guest information data will automatically store in the hotel information system. The record is called guest history and all the data such as guest personal information, special requirement or even past reservation is stored in Guest Centrix system. This enables the hotel staffs to get word the repeat or new guest that choose the hotel Seri Malaysia Kangar.Housekeeping The front office and housekeeping staffs were colligate with each other. All the interactions between both subdivisions especially about the room that need to be fair, confabulate or repaired will automatically show in Guest Centrix system. For each room that is occupied or available, the room status will be clean or dirty. The housekeeping staffs are responsible to clean the room so that the room status changes through the Private Branch Exchange (PBX) Interface and record it as clean in Guest Centrix System.PBX interface is used to make connections amongst the internal te lephone in all rooms with the Guest Centrix system. The front office will informed the housekeeping staffs by using the walkie-talkie to inspect the room and the housekeeping staffs will monitor the room. After the job done, the housekeeper will adjure certain code by using telephone at the inspected room and link with the Guest Centrix system and notified the system that the room is already inspected.Food and BeveragesFor the guests who dine in in the hotel restaurant, all the bills from the restaurant will be insert by the food and beverages staffs in the guest account that will automatically linked to the Guest Centrix system. During the checking out process, the front office may refer into the guests account to distinguish the total payment should be paid by the guests.Hotel Manual SystemHuman Resource Human resource department in Hotel Seri Malaysia is using punch card system to organize the staffs working hour and daily attendance. The hotel will tracked the payroll total thr ough the punch card system.Also, the human resource department using the register system to manage the hotel staffs record. All the data of permanent, contract and leaving staffs are stored in hotel filing system. Security and maintenanceFor security and maintenance department, there are surveillance system which is CCTV system that monitors the hotel facilities, and ring areas. In Hotel Seri Malaysia Kangar, CCTV system is used to observe different areas from a underlying control room. In the central control room, there will be one or two security officer that will monitors through the CCTV screen display.